Chapter 22 The Industrial Revolution Vocabulary

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socialism

Back 1

political and economic system in which the government or the people owns the means of production

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Samuel Morse

Back 2

American inventor who invented the telegraph and a system of encoding the alphabet

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Robert Fulton

Back 3

an American engineer who built the first profitable steamboat

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Richard Arkwright

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invented a way to drive the spinning "jenny" by waterpower

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mass production

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system of producing or making large amounts of the same goods

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Karl Marx

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published 'The Communist Manifesto', believed a capitalist society would split into two economic classes

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Jethro Tull

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an English landowner who invented a seed drill that made it possible to plant seeds in straight rows

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Industrial Revolution

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changes beginning in the 1700's, when machines began to do much of the work in industries that people had done before

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enclosurement

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practice of fencing or enclosing common public lands into individual areas of land for people

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Eli Whitney

Back 10

an American who invented the cotton gin

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Bessemer Process

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a cheaper and more efficient method of making steel

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Adam Smith

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a Scottish economist who wrote the book 'the Wealth of Nations' considered the founder of classical economics

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proletariat

Back 13

name given by Karl Marx to the working class

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mechanization

Back 14

use of automatic machinery to increase production or the amount of goods that can be made

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monopoly

Back 15

complete control of the manning or sale of a single good or service by a single company

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strike

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refusal of workers to work until their demands are met

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James Watt

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patented the modern steam engine

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Henry Ford

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used the assembly line line to build automobiles

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J.P.Morgan

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an American financier who founded the United States Steel Company

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Jeremy Bentham

Back 20

theory of utilitarianism

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capitalism

Back 21

economic system in which individuals, rather than governments control the factors of production

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vulcanization

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process of treating rubber with pressure and heat to make it more useful

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tenements

Back 23

cramped, shabby apartment buildings where workers lived during the Industrial Revolution in England

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collective bargaining

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process of negotiation between management and union representatives

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corporation

Back 25

large businesses that allow people to buy stock or parts of ownership in the company

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interchangeable parts

Back 26

parts that are exactly the same and can be replaced or changed between different products

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cartels

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corporate groups that control whole industries of types of businesses

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crop rotation

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the practice of alternating crops of different kinds to preserve soil fertility

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factors of production

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basic resources needed for industrialization, such as necessary land, capital, and labor

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Friedrich Engels

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published 'The Communist Manifesto' with Karl Marx