Chapter 13 Hormonal Regulation And Homeostasis

Front 1

endocrine glands secrete _______________ directly into the __________ .

Back 1

chemical messengers (hormones), blood stream

Front 2

when hormones reach their target cells, their interaction with these cells....

Back 2

sets in motion specific regulatory responses

Front 3

the endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete make up the

Back 3

endocrine system

Front 4

define endocrine system

Back 4

system that works in parallel with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis by releasing chemical hormones from various glands

Front 5

homeostasis depends on close relationship between

Back 5

nervous system and endocrine system

Front 6

several chemicals function as both neurotransmitters and hormones depending on their location, give an example of this

Back 6

epinephrine; acts as a neurotransmitter between certain neurons in the NS and as a hormone released by the adrenal glands in the fight or flight response

Front 7

some nervous system tissues secrete hormones, give 3 examples

Back 7

- hypothalamus

- pituitary glands

- adrenal glands

Front 8

endocrine and nervous systems both include responses that are regulated by

Back 8

negative feedback loops

Front 9

major endocrine glands of the body (10)

Back 9

1. pineal gland

2. hypothalamus

3. pituitary gland

4. thyroid gland

5. parathyroid gland

6. thymus

7. adrenalgland

8. pancreas

9. ovary

10. testis

Front 10

when hormones encounter their target cell how do they affect them?

Back 10

each target cell contains receptor proteins. circulating hormones bind to their specific receptor protein (lock and key fit)

Front 11

hypothalamus secretes

Back 11

hypothalamic-releasing-and-inhibiting hormones

Front 12

effects of hypothalamic-releasing-and-inhibiting-hormones

Back 12

regulates anterior pituitary hormones

Front 13

anterior pituitary secretes (6)

Back 13

1. human growth hormone (hGH)

2. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

3. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

4. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

5. luteinizing hormone (LH)

6. prolactin (PRL)

Front 14

effects of human growth hormone (hGH) (3)

Back 14

- stimulates cell division

- bone and muscle growth

- metabolic functions

Front 15

effects ofadrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 15

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Front 16

effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Back 16

stimulates thyroid gland

Front 17

effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 17

stimulates production of ova and sperm from the ovaries and testes

Front 18

effects of luteinizing hormone (LH)

Back 18

stimulates sex hormone production from the ovaries and testes

Front 19

effects of prolactin (PRL)

Back 19

stimulates milk production from the mammary glands

Front 20

hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary (2)

Back 20

1. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

2. oxytocin (OCT)

Front 21

effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Back 21

promotes the retention of water by kidneys

Front 22

effects of oxytocin (OCT)

Back 22

stimulates uterine muscle contractions and release of milk by the mammary glands

Front 23

hormones secreted by the thyroid (2)

Back 23

1. thyroxine (T4)

2. calcitonin

Front 24

effects of thyroxine (T4)

Back 24

increases metabolic rate and regulates growth and development of all tissues

Front 25

effects of calcitonin

Back 25

targets bones and kidneys to lower blood calcium by inhibiting release of calcium from bone and re-absorption of calcium by kidneys

Front 26

hormone secreted by the parathyroid

Back 26

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Front 27

effects of PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Back 27

raises blood calcium levels by stimulating the bone cells to release calcium, the intestine to absorb calcium from food, and the kidneys to reabsorb calcium

Front 28

hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex (3)

Back 28

1. glucocorticoids

2. mineralocorticoids

3. gonadcorticoids

Front 29

effect of glucocorticoids (2)

Back 29

- stimulate the tissues to raise blood glucose

- break down protein

Front 30

effect of mineralocorticoids

Back 30

promote reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys

Front 31

effect of gonadcorticoids

Back 31

promote secondary sexual characteristics

Front 32

hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla

Back 32

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 33

effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine (2)

Back 33

- fight or flight hormones

- raise blood glucose levels

Front 34

hormones secreted by the pancreas (2)

Back 34

1. insulin

2. glucagon

Front 35

effect of insulin (2)

Back 35

- lowers blood glucose levels

- promotes the formation of glycogen in the liver

Front 36

effect of glucagon

Back 36

raises blood glucose levels by converting glycogen to glucose

Front 37

hormones secreted by the ovaries (2)

Back 37

1. estrogen

2. progesterone

Front 38

effect of estrogen (2)

Back 38

- stimulates uterine lining growth

- promotes development of the female secondary sexual characteristics

Front 39

effect of progesterone (2)

Back 39

- promotes growth of uterine lining

- prevents uterine muscle contractions

Front 40

hormone secreted by testes

Back 40

- testosterone

Front 41

effect of testosterone

Back 41

promotes sperm formation and development of the male secondary sexual characteristics

Front 42

hormones are composed of either _______ or _____ _____

Back 42

lipids or amino acids

Front 43

water soluble hormones (4)

Back 43

epinephrine, hGH, thyroxine, insulin

Front 44

can water soluble and amino-acid base hormones diffuse across the cell membrane?

Back 44

no

Front 45

lipid-based proteins (3)

Back 45

steroids such as estrogen, testosterone, cortisol

Front 46

where do lipid-base hormones bind to their receptor protein and how does it do this?

Back 46

inside the cell because it can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer

Front 47

where to water-soluble hormones bind to receptor proteins?

Back 47

on the surface of the cell

Front 48

define negative feedback mechanism

Back 48

mechanism of homeostatic response by which the output of a system supresses or inhibits activity of the system

Front 49

inability to produce ADH causes

Back 49

diabetes insipidus; person produces large volumes of urine with a resulting loss of ions from the blood

Front 50

tropic hormones are

Back 50

hormone that targets endocrine glands and stimulates them to release other hormones

Front 51

general mechanism of action of tropic hormones?

Back 51

1. hypothalamus secretes a releasing hormone into the anterior pituitary

2. causes anterior pituitary to release a tropic hormone into the blood stream

3. tropic hormone the stimulates the target gland to release a thrid hormone

4. this hormone travels to another target tissue and produces an effect