Chapter 14.1 The Male And Female Reproductive System

Front 1

Define gonads

Back 1

organ that produces reproductive cells (ovary and testis)

Front 2

Sex hormones are

Back 2

the chemical compounds that control the development and function of the reproductive system

Front 3

Primary sex characteristics

Back 3

any structure that plays a direct role in reproduction (organ,duct,gland)

Front 4

Secondary sex characteristics

Back 4

any of the physical manifestations that distinguish male from female but are not required for reproduction (ex: female breasts, differences in muscularity, distribution of fat)

Front 5

Pouch of skin that holds the testes

Back 5

scrotum

Front 6

What regulates the temperature of the testes?

Back 6

the scrotum

Front 7

At what temperature is sperm production most successful ?

Back 7

35 C

Front 8

What are seminiferous tubules?

Back 8

long, coiled tube inside the testes in which sperm are produced

Front 9

What lies between the seminiferous tubules?

Back 9

interstitial cells

Front 10

Interstitial cells secrete

Back 10

testosterone

Front 11

Seminiferous tubules is where the production of _______ occurs

Back 11

sperm

Front 12

Three parts of a sperm cell

Back 12

oval head, cylindrical middle piece and extended tail

Front 13

What does the head of the sperm contain ?

Back 13

nucleus with 23 chromosomes that is covered by the acrosome -- acrosome contains enzymes needed to penetrate the protective layer of the egg

Front 14

What does the middle piece of the sperm contain?

Back 14

mitchondria that provides energy for movement

Front 15

Developing sperm are supported and nourished by ______________ located in the _______________ ____________

Back 15

Sertoli cell, seminiferous tubules

Front 16

From each testis sperm are transported to a nearby duct called the _____________, within this duct the sperm _________ and become motile

Back 16

epididymis, mature

Front 17

The epididymus is connected to a storage duct called the __________ which leads to the penis via the ________ _________

Back 17

ductus deferens , ejaculatory duct

Front 18

foreskin protects the

Back 18

glanis penis

Front 19

Define epididymus

Back 19

narrow tightly coiled tube connecting seminiferous tubules to the ductus deferens

Front 20

Define seminal vesicle

Back 20

gland behind the bladder that is connected to the ductus deferns and produces a fluid containing fructose which provides energy for the sperm

Front 21

Define prostate gland

Back 21

mass of glandular tissue at the base of the urethra that secretes alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids from urine in the urethra

Front 22

Define Cowper's gland

Back 22

gland that secretes mucus-like fluids into urethra

Front 23

Mixture of sperm and fluids is

Back 23

semen

Front 24

Urethra is shared by the ________ and __________ reproductive systems and is a duct that carries .....

Back 24

reproductive and urinary, carries fluid out of the penis

Front 25

Two female gonads

Back 25

ovaries

Front 26

Do both ovaries work at the same time ?

Back 26

No they alternate so that only one produces an egg each month

Front 27

Define follicle

Back 27

Specialized cell structure within ovaries, each contains an ovum that will be released

Front 28

Summarize ovulation (3)

Back 28

- Single ovum develops within each cell

- Single follicle matures and then ruptures

- releases ovum into oviduct

Front 29

How does the ovum reach the oviduct?

Back 29

Fimbriae continually sweep over the ovary, and sweep the ovum into the oviduct

Front 30

What carries the ovum to the uterus?

Back 30

Oviduct, beating cilia create a current that moves the ovum toward the uterus

Front 31

Define uterus

Back 31

muscular organ that holds and nourishes a developing fetus

Front 32

Lining of the uterus is called the

Back 32

endometrium

Front 33

The endometrium is richly supplied with

Back 33

blood vessels to provide nutrients for the fetus

Front 34

Cervix is the

Back 34

narrow opening of the uterus that connects to the vagina

Front 35

How long does the ovum survive in the oviduct?

Back 35

24 hours

Front 36

If the egg is fertilized .......

Back 36

fertilized egg (now called zygote) moves through oviduct into uterus, during this time the endometrium thickens and prepares to receive the zygote

Front 37

If the egg is not fertilized .......

Back 37

endometrium disintegrates and its tissues and blood flow out of the vagina (mensturation)

Front 38

oviducts are also known as

Back 38

fallopian tubes