Chapter 13 Criminal Justice Terms

Front 1

Corrections

Back 1

Includes prisons, probation, parole, work camps, Salvation Army facilities, medical facilities, and other contexts. Authorized al all levels of government, administered by both public and private organizations, and with a total cost of over $50 billion

Front 2

John Howard

Back 2

1726-1790, sheriff of Bedfordshire, England, wrote The State of Prisons in England and Wales which led to the development of the penitentiary

Front 3

The Pennsylvania System

Back 3

The Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, formed in 1787 under the leadership of Dr. Benjamin rush included a large number of Quakers. It urged replacement of capital and corporal punishment by incarceration. Solitary confinement.

Front 4

The New York System

Back 4

Auburn penitentiary (1819) , under the Auburn system, prisoners were kept in individual cells at night but congregated in workshops during the day. In this congregate system, inmates were forbidden to talk to one another or even to exchange glances while on the job or at meals.

Front 5

Lease System

Back 5

Developed in the South. Allowed business in need of workers to negotiate with the state for the labor and care of prisoners. Prisoners were leased to firms that used them in mining, logging, cotton picking, mining, and railroad construction.

Front 6

The Reformatory Movement

Back 6

Prisons had been overcrowded and understaffed. Discipline, brutality, and corruption were common. 1870, the newly formed National Prison Association (predecessor of today's American Correctional Association) met in Cincinnati and issued a Declaration of Principles. The goal was treatment of criminals through their moral regeneration; the reformation of criminals, "not the infliction of vindictive suffering"

Front 7

The Declaration of Principles

Back 7

asserted that prisons should be operated in accordance with a philosophy of inmate change that would reward reformation with release. Fixed sentences should be replaced by sentences of indeterminate length, and proof of reformation should replace the "mere lapse of time" in bringing about prisoner's freedom.

Front 8

Elmire Reformatory (1876)

Back 8

under Zebulon Brockway, the superintendent, regarded education a key to reform and rehabilitation.

Front 9

Elizabeth Fry

Back 9

English Quaker, led reform efforts in England after visiting london's Newgate prison in 1813.

Front 10

3 principles guided female prison reform during 1873+ 50 eyears later

Back 10

a. the separation of women prisoners from men
b. the provision of care in keeping with the needs of women
c. the management of women's prisons by female staff

Front 11

Reforms of the Progressives

Back 11

1.The need to improve conditions in the environments they believed to be breeding grounds of crime.
2. Emphasize ways to rehabilitate the individual offender

Front 12

Rehabilitation Model (1930s)

Back 12

addition of classification systems to diagnose offenders and treatment programs that would rehab them

Front 13

Community Model (1960s-70s)

Back 13

based on the assumption that the goal of the criminal justice system should be to reintegrate the offender into the community. EG. vocational and educational programs

Front 14

Crime Control Model (1980s-90s)

Back 14

Renewed emphasis upon incarceration as a way to solve the crime problem.

Front 15

In most areas ____ and _____ is the responsibility of the state

Back 15

maintaining prisons and parole

Front 16

Jails are operated mainly by _____ governments

Back 16

local

Front 17

The federal prison population contains many inmates who have been convicted of....

Back 17

white-collar crimes, although drug offenders are increasing

Front 18

Only ____% of the incarcerated population are women

Back 18

6.6