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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activity |
The effective concentration of a participant in a chemical equilibrium. Is given by the product of the molar equilibrium concentration of the species and its activity coefficient. |
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Activity Coefficient YX |
A unit-less quantity whose numerical value depends on the ionic strength of a solution. It is the proportionally constant between activity and concentration. It is a measure of the "effectiveness" of a species in anequilibrium.Effectiveness is maximum when electrostatic interactions are minimal 0px} |
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K'sp , Ksw' ka' |
How concentration based equilibrium constants are often indicated As the electrolyte concentration becomes very small, concentration based equilibrium constants approach their thermodynamic values The concentration solubility product constant |
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Limiting Law/ Limiting Value |
When the electrolyte concentration approaches zero The constant numerical value observed at the limit |
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Ionic Strength |
Property of a solution that is independent of the chemical nature of the electrolyte
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Ionic Strength Formula |
U= 1/2 ([A]Z2a + [B]Z2b A= represents the species Molar Concentration Lower exponent represents their charges |
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Debye Huckel Equation |
Used to calculate the activity coefficent |
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In dilute solutions, the activity coefficient |
Approaches 0 |
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The Salt Effect |
Electrostaticforces cause each ion from a dissociated reactant to be surrounded byoppositely charged ions from the added electrolyte.
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ØThestoichiometry of the electrolyte
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determines its ionic strength |
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Forsolutions with ionic strengths 0.1 M or less, the electrolyte effect is
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independent of the kind of ions and depends only on the ionic strength
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•For agiven ionic strength, the activity coefficient |
becomes smaller as the charge of the chemical species increases. 01
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•Atany ionic strength, the activity coefficients are .
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approximately equal for chemical species having the same charge state
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Theactivity coefficient depends
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on the solution ionic strength.
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