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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. An important social psychology concept is your sense of _____, which is an individual's unique sense of identity that has been influenced by social, cultural, and psychological experiences. A) self B) reciprocity C) direction D) humor |
A) self |
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2. The perspective in psychology that is based on the premise that certain psychological processes and behavioral patterns evolved over hundreds of thousands of years because of their adaptive and survival value is called: A) personality psychology. B) social psychology. C) cognitive psychology. D) evolutionary psychology. |
D) evolutionary psychology. |
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3. The branch of psychology that studies how a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the presence of other people and by the social and physical environment is called: A) cognitive psychology. B) personality psychology. C) evolutionary psychology. D) social psychology. |
D) social psychology. |
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4. The study of the mental processes people use to make sense of their social environment is called: A) social cognition. B) prosocial behavior. C) social influence. D) social categorization. ў, |
A) social cognition |
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5. _____ is defined as the mental process of classifying people into groups on the basis of common characteristics. A) Implicit cognition B) Social categorization C) The bystander effect D) Explicit cognition o:p> |
B) Social categorization |
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6. The “rules,” or expectations, for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation are called: A) the rules of commitment. B) interpersonal context rules. C) social norms. D) the rules of reciprocity. dy>6ѿ, |
C) social norms |
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7. Psychologists use the term implicit cognition to refer to: A) the automatic, nonconscious mental processes that influence perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning. B) the cognitive schemas or mental frameworks we hold about traits and behaviors associated with different types of people. C) the deliberate, conscious mental processes involved in perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning. D) the tendency to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen or predicted the outcome of an event. ̞EY, |
A) the automatic, nonconscious mental processes that influence perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning. }, |
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8. Psychologists use the term explicit cognition to refer to: A) the cognitive schemas or mental frameworks we hold about traits and behaviors associated with different types of people. B) the deliberate, conscious mental processes involved in perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning. C) the tendency to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen or predicted the outcome of an event. D) the automatic, nonconscious mental processes that influence perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning. 0in.ѧg, |
B) the deliberate, conscious mental processes involved in perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning. |
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9. The mental process of inferring the causes of people's behavior, including one's own, is called: A) altruism. B) ethnocentrism. C) attribution. D) prejudice. :`%, |
C) attribution. 87Ue |
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10. Collectivistic cultures differ from individualistic cultures in that: A) collectivists are more likely to attribute causes of another person's behavior to external, situational factors rather than to internal, personal factors. B) collectivists are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error. C) individualists are more likely to commit the modesty bias. D) individualists are more likely to attribute the causes of their own behavior to internal, personal factors rather than external, situational factors. ߞVV, |
A) collectivists are more likely to attribute causes of another person's behavior to external, situational factors rather than to internal, personal factors. "џz |
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11. Attitudes: A) tend to be strongest in members of individualistic cultures. B) are primarily cognitive in nature. C) are primarily behavioral in nature. D) can have cognitive, behavioral, and emotional components. |
D) can have cognitive, behavioral, and emotional components. gleђ |
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12. Social psychologists have found that we are most likely to behave in accordance with our attitudes when: A) attitudes are only occasionally expressed. B) attitudes are formed through experience, and we have a vested interest in the subject. C) we have no idea what the response of others will be. D) we have very little knowledge about the subject. |
B) attitudes are formed through experience, and we have a vested interest in the subject. "altіu` |
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13. Steve frequently expresses his extreme attitude about gun control legislation. He is very knowledgeable about the topic, and he has a vested interest in the subject. According to your textbook, Steve: A) is likely to privately behave in a way that is just the opposite of the attitudes he has publicly expressed. B) will tend to talk a lot about this topic but is not likely to take any concrete action. C) is very likely to behave in accordance with his attitudes. D) is likely to behave only in ways that will gain him social acceptance and approval. ormal7Ѿ~, |
C) is very likely to behave in accordance with his attitudes. 4 ! |
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14. Denise went on a diet to lose some weight. When she went to lunch with some co-workers, she hesitated when it was her turn to order. Finally, she ordered the burger and fries instead of the salad and yogurt. She then justified her choice by telling herself that some protein every day is important for good health. Denise's tendency to focus on the positive aspects of her choice and minimize the negative aspects illustrates which of the following concepts in action? A) informational social influence B) cognitive dissonance C) the self-effacing bias D) the fundamental attribution error d-ali*ѣ{, |
B) cognitive dissonance d |
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15. _____ is defined as a negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific group. A) Ethnocentrism B) Prejudice C) The rule of reciprocity D) The self-effacing bias o |
B) Prejudice spdy":e |
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16. The textbook defines _____ as a cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective criteria that define the group. A) social norms B) the self-serving bias C) implicit personality theory D) stereotype "Tѝ, |
D) stereotype ъa |
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17. Sixty-five-year-old Bernice is taking courses at the university with the intention of completing a bachelor's degree. Some members of her family think she is not likely to succeed because she is much too old to learn new information. These family members are demonstrating: A) hindsight bias. B) the rule of commitment. C) cognitive dissonance. D) stereotyped thinking. --ц, |
D) stereotyped thinking. g |
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18. During Nick's first trip abroad he was surprised to find that people in other cultures ate such foods as snails, squid, insects, lizards, earthworms, seaweed, and rotten-looking cheeses. “One day they will become civilized like us and eat normal foods like Krispy Kreme donuts, pizza, hot dogs, and hamburgers and cheese fries,” he wrote to his parents. Nick's beliefs about other cultures illustrate a bias called: A) discrimination. B) ethnocentrism. C) the bystander effect. D) informational social influence. ߞVV, |
B) ethnocentrism. :e |
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19. There is a cognitive basis to prejudice and often an emotional component as well. When prejudice is displayed behaviorally it is called: A) ethnocentrism. B) discrimination. C) the stereotype threat. D) altruism. ю, |
B) discrimination. e |
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20. Conformity is defined as: A) adjusting your opinions, judgments, or behavior so that it matches the opinions, judgments or behavior of other people, or the norms of a social group or situation. B) the performance of a behavior in response to a direct command. C) any behavior that helps another, whether the underlying motive is self-serving or selfless. D) helping another person with no expectation of personal reward or benefit. styl?Ѷv, |
A) adjusting your opinions, judgments, or behavior so that it matches the opinions, judgments or behavior of other people, or the norms of a social group or situation. il р{ |
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21. The social psychologist who is best known for his controversial series of studies investigating destructive obedience to an authority is: A) Solomon Asch. B) Bibb Latané. C) Stanley Milgram. D) Muzafer Sherif. я, |
C) Stanley Milgram. H9Wad |
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22. If you were a subject in Milgram's original obedience experiment, it is very likely that: A) you would play the role of the teacher and get to “shock” the learner. B) you would play the role of the learner and get “shocked” by the teacher. C) you would have an equal chance of being assigned to the role of either teacher or learner. D) you would be given a battery of psychological tests to determine whether you were high or low in altruism. 9Ѱ, |
A) you would play the role of the teacher and get to “shock” the learner. єw |
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23. Which of the following factors made it easier for the Army Reserve guards to mistreat detainees at Abu Ghraib? A) The guards were outnumbered and frequently physically threatened by the detainees, who had hidden makeshift weapons throughout the prison. B) The detainees refused to obey prison rules. C) The detainees were members of a different cultural and ethnic group, which made it easier to perceive them as members of a despised and threatening out-group. D) There had been numerous rebellions and fights at the prison in the past, one of which had resulted in the death of two prison guards. :none;t-Ѥx, |
C) faulty or maladaptive thinking. l_str��� �y |
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24. The Stanford Prison Experiment was conducted by psychologist: A) Philip Zimbardo. B) Stanley Milgram. C) Solomon Asch. D) Muzafer Sherif. |
A) Philip Zimbardo. e d |
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25. According to the Critical Thinking box “Abuse at Abu Ghraib,” the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated that _____ is more likely in confusing or ambiguous situations. A) hindsight bias B) bystander intervention C) normative social influence D) prosocial behavior oљ, |
C) normative social influence |
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26. Philip Zimbardo made the claim that “the value of the _____ experiment resides in demonstrating the evil that good people can be readily induced into doing to other good people within the context of socially approved roles, rules, and norms.” A) Jigsaw Classroom B) Stanford Prison C) Robbers Cave D) Asch Conformity '>< р, |
B) Stanford Prison |
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27. Psychological research has shown that resisting the direct orders of an authority figure: A) is virtually impossible. B) is more likely if two or more people join in resisting or disagreeing with the authority's orders. C) is easier for people who are low in levels of ethnocentrism. D) is more likely to occur in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic cultures. if'ц, |
B) is more likely if two or more people join in resisting or disagreeing with the authority's orders. otocol"јs |
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28. Helping another person with no expectation of personal reward or benefit is the definition of: A) attribution. B) ethnocentrism. C) altruism. D) persuasion. a`%, |
C) altruism. spdy":e |
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29. Peggy worked very hard as an unpaid volunteer at an animal shelter because she hoped to get hired as a full-time staff member after she finished school. Peggy's helping behavior best illustrates: A) altruism. B) conformity. C) prosocial behavior. D) obedience. colї, |
C) prosocial behavior. |
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30. The phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present means the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress is called: A) the bystander effect. B) the self-serving bias. C) the rule of reciprocity. D) the “feel good, do good” effect. ysљ, |
A) the bystander effect. g |
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31. A middle-aged woman is sitting on a bench in the busy shopping mall, holding her head in her hands, visibly upset and crying. Nobody stops to see if she needs assistance. Based on what you read in the text, the most likely explanation for why nobody helps in this situation is: A) the in-group homogeneity effect. B) diffusion of responsibility. C) the rule of reciprocity. D) the just-world hypothesis. ъ, |
B) diffusion of responsibility |
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32. Professional persuaders use a number of techniques to influence attitudes and behaviors. Which of the following is NOT one of those techniques? A) the door-in-the-face technique B) the foot-in-the-door technique C) the foot-in-the-mouth technique D) the that's-not-all technique . |
C) the foot-in-the-mouth technique |
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33. The textbook provides several practical suggestions to defend against being manipulated by various persuasion techniques. Which of the following is NOT one of the practical suggestions you can use in making important decisions? A) List all of the reasons why you should not make a particular commitment. B) Always go with your first impulse and don't look back. C) Wait a day and sleep on it before making a final commitment to the decision. D) If you have feelings of hesitancy about a particular decision, take the conservative course of action and do nothing. 7Ѿ~, |
B) Always go with your first impulse and don't look back |
