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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs
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heart failure (HF)
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Mass of undissolved matter circulating in the blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel
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embolus
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quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions
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fibrillation
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arrest of bleeding or circulation
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hemostasis
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excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood
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hyperlipidemia
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common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90mm Hg diastolic
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hypertension HTN
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HTN in which there is no identifiable commonly correctable cause
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primary HTN
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HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable commonly correctable cause
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secondary HTN
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any heart disorder caused by prolonged HTN, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure
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hypertensive heart disease
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implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular trachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart
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implantable cardioverterdefibrillator ICD
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area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply
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infarct
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local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction
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ischemia
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common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation
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mitral valve prolapse MVP
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chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow substance through the body or a structure
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radioisotope
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ECG taken with small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hrs of ECG tracings
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Holter monitor test
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ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions
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stress test (Holter monitor test)
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ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
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nuclear (Holter monitor test)
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Blood test that measures troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase (CK-MB)
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cardiac enzyme studies
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series of tests (total cholesteral, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease
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lipid panel
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radiographic imaging of the heart and blood vessels after injections of a contrast dye
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angiography
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angiography to determine the degree of obstruction of the arteries that supply the blood to the heart
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coronary angiography
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angiography in which two radiographic images are obtained, the first one without contrast material and the second one after a contrast material has been injected, and then compared by a computer that digitally subtracts the images of soft tissues, bones, and muscles, leaving only the image of vessels with contrast
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digital subtraction angiography
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radiological examination of the aorta and its branches following injection of a contrast medium via a catheter
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aortography
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noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures and produce images of the heart
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echocardiography ECHO
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noninvasive adaptation of ultrasound technology in which blood flow velocity is assessed in different areas of the heart
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Doppler ultrasound
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noninvasive technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field, rather than x-ray beam , to produce multi-planar cross sectional images of blood vessels
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magnetic resonance imaging MRI
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nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart, including the myocardium and the mitral and tricuspid valves
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multiple-gated acquisition MUGA
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imaging technique that provides a graphic display of heart sounds and murmur during the cardiac cycle
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phonocardiography
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diagnostic test that uses radiation emitted by the body after an injection of radioactive substances to create images of various organs or identify body functions and diseases
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scintigraphy
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scintigraphy procedure that uses injected radioactive thallium and records the uptake of the isotope with a gamma camera to produce an image
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thallium study (resting)
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Radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, which indicates obstruction
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venography
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injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein
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sclerotherapy
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procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest
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cardioversion
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technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting a synthetic material or medication specially designed to occlude the blood vessel
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embolization
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procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter
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angioplasty
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surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
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coronary artery bypass graft CABG
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dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance
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percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTCA
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removal of material from an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device
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atherectomy
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removal and examination of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes
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biopsy
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removal and examination of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteritis, a type of vasculitis
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arterial biopsy
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destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal conduction pathway causing the arrhythmia, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume
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catheter ablation
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surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their "commissures" (points of touching)
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commissurotomy
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localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery
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aneurysm
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condition of bringing to a stop
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arrest
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loss of effective cardiac function which results in cessation of circulation
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cardiac arrest
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cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation
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circulatory arrest
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inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm possibly including a rapid or slow beat or skipping a beat; also called dysrhythmia
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arrhythmia
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soft blowing sound heard on auscultation possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur
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bruit
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any disease or weakening of a heat myo that diminishes cardiac function
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cardiomyopathy
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thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure
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catheter
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narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta
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coarctation
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blood clot that forms in deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs
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deep vein thrombosis DVT
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calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with on contraction
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ejection fraction EF
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procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
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laser ablation
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tying a varicose vein (ligation) followed by removal (stripping) of the affected segment
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ligation and stripping
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surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine
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open heart surgery
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puncturing of the pericardium to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac or to test for protein, sugar, and enzymes or determine the causative organism of pericarditis
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pericardiocentesis
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destruction of a blood clot using anti clotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator
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thrombolysis
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incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis
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valvotomy
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infusion of a thrombolytic agent into a vessel to dissolve a blood clot
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intravascular thrombolysis
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puncture of a vein by a needle attached to a syringe or catheter to withdraw a specimen of blood; also called phlebotomy
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venipuncture
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