Cell Structure

Front 1

What are the two types of organism?

Back 1

Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Front 2

What are eukaryotic cells?

Back 2

Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells, as well as cells in algae and fungi

Front 3

What are prokaryotic cells and how do they differ to eukaryotic cells?

Back 3

Prokaryotic cells make up single-celled prokaryotic organisms, they are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells

Front 4

Describe the structure of an animal cell

Back 4

plasma (cell surface) membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus,nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes,ribosomes, nuclear envelope, golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, mitochondria

Front 5

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don't?

Back 5

1) cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata

2) vacuole

3) chloroplasts

Front 6

Describe an algal cell

Back 6

Cells with the same structure as plant cells

Front 7

Describe a fungal cell

Back 7

Same structure as plant cells EXCEPT

- their cell walls made with chitin, not cellulose

- no chloroplasts

Front 8

What is an organelle?

Back 8

Parts of cells with specific functions

Front 9

Describe a cell-surface membrane

Back 9

Membrane found on surface of animal cells and inside the cell wall of other cells, made of lipids and proteins

Front 10

What is the fuction of a cell surface membrane

Back 10

Regulates movememnt of substances in/out of cells, has receptor molecules on it which allows it to respond ti chemicals like hormones

Front 11

Describe a nucleus

Back 11

Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope, containing pores. Nucleus contains chromosomes and a nucleolus

Front 12

What is a nuclear envelope?

Back 12

A double membrane

Front 13

What is the function of a nucleus?

Back 13

-controls cell's activities

-DNA contains instructions to make proteins

-pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

-nucleolus makes ribosomes

Front 14

Describe a mitochondrion

Back 14

-oval-shaped

-has a double membrane (inner one is folded to form a cristae)

-has a matrix inside containing enzymes for respiration

Front 15

What is the function of a mitochondrion

Back 15

-site of aerobic respiration

-where ATP is produced

-found in large numbers in active cells that require lots of energy

Front 16

Describe a chloroplast

Back 16

-small and flat

-found in plants and algae

-has a double membrane

-has thylakoid membranes inside that are stacked up to form grana

-grana are linked by lamellae (flat pieces of thylakoid membrane)

Front 17

What is the function of a chloroplast?

Back 17

-site of photosynthesis

-some happens in grana

-some happens in stroma

Front 18

Describe a golgi apparatus

Back 18

-group of fluid filled membrane-bound flattened sacs

-has vesicles on the edges of sacs

Front 19

What is the function of the golgi apparatus

Back 19

-processes and packages new lipids and proteins

-makes lysosomes

Front 20

Describe a golgi vesicle

Back 20

-small fluid-filled sac

-found in cytoplasm

-surrounded by a membrane

-produced bu golgi apparatus

Front 21

What is the function of a golgi vesicle

Back 21

-stores lipids and proteins made by golgi apparatus

-transports them out of the cell via the membrane

Front 22

Describe a lysosome

Back 22

-round organelle

-sourrounded by a membrane

-no internal structure

-type pf golgi vesicle

Front 23

What is the function of a lysosome

Back 23

-contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes

-they're kept separate from cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane

-can be used to digest invading cells

-can break down the worn out components of the cell