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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three parts of cell theory?
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1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. 3. All cells arise from existing cells. |
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What is the cell membrane?
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A phospholipid layer that encloses the cell and separates the cell interior from its surroundings
(like a chain link fence) |
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What is the cytoplasm?
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The interior of a cell
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What is the cytoskeleton?
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The cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape and division
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What are ribosomes?
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Cell organelles composed of RNA and protein. This is the site of protein synthesis
(like a construction worker, building the proteins) |
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What is a prokaryote?
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An organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or cell organelles (a bacterium is an example)
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What is a cell wall?
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a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
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What are flagella?
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long, threadlike structures that grow out of a cell and helps the cell to move
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What is a eukaryote?
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an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle (animals, plants and fungi)
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What is a nucleus?
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In a eukaryotic cell, the nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and deals with growth, metabolism and reproduction (like the president)
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What is an organelle?
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A structure that carries out specific activities in a cell
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What are cilia?
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Hairlike structures arranged in tightly packed rows that project from the surface of some cells. Cilia can help cells move or help substances move across the cell's surface.
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What are microtubules?
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A system used to transport information from the nucleus to the interior of the cell
(like a network of train tracks) |
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What is a phospholipid?
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A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes
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What is a lipid bilayer?
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The basic structure of a biological membrane, composed of two layers of phospholipids
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How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?
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46
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What is a nucleolus?
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The region of the nucleus where ribosomes are partially assembled
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What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
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an extensive system of internal membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cell
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What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
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Rough ER has attached ribosomes that help transport proteins. It looks rough under a microscope.
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and looks smooth under a microscope. |
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What is a vesicle?
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a small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells
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What is the Golgi apparatus?
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a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
(like a logistics manager) |
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What are lysosomes?
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Small, spherical organelles that contain the cell's digestive enzymes
(like the stomach of the cell) |
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What are mitochondria?
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Organelles that harvest energy from organic compounds to make ATP, the main energy currency of cells
(like a power house) |
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What are plant cell walls made of?
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cellulose
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What are chloroplasts?
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organelles in plant cells that use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water
(like a solar panel) |
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What is a central vacuole?
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a large cavity or sac that is found in plant cells and protozoans and that contains air or partially digested food
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