Ca Geology Ppt L#5

Front 1

What is the state rock of CA?*

Back 1

Serpentine (it is green and metamorphic)

Front 2

Igneous plutons are found in Sierra Nevada. Basaltic lava found up North. Mud becomes mudstone and sand becomes sandstone.

Back 2

Probably not relevant

Front 3

IT’S ALL ABOUT •Order (mostly) and the very ____ dictates the very large.*

Back 3

small

Front 4

____ are naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid.

Back 4

Minerals

Front 5

A “______” is a material with ___ that are arranged in an orderly, regularly repeated arrangement.”* They can be composed of one element or more.

Back 5

crystalline solid; atoms

Front 6

Earth is NOT _____ it is ______ meaning only certain minerals are rocks are in certain places. It isn't all blended and distributed evenly. Ex. Won't find gold in some places.

Back 6

homogeneous; heterogeneous

Front 7

Most of the planet is what type of rock?

Back 7

igneous

Front 8

The ___ is orderly and predictable. __ of 105 elements make up 99.9% of the crust. 2 of the 10 ___ and ___ make up __%

Back 8

atom; 10; oxygen and silicon; 75%

Front 9

___ are the basic unit of a chemical element and the defining structures of elements. They cannot be broken into smaller units through chemical action.*

Back 9

atoms (bee and the cathedral analogy, electrons are far away from nucleus)

Front 10

The hardest gem is __ which is made of carbon (which is the softest).

Back 10

Diamond

Front 11

You have too look closely at rocks.
Structure: Large structure? Small? Foliated? Banded?
Color?
Hardness?
Most minerals we will encounter are ___ so geologists tend to know those fairly well.

Back 11

silicates

Front 12

When observing rocks, they slice a cube out, give it to a slide and polish it down until the rock is ____.

Back 12

transparent

Front 13

___ refers to what is it made of? The types of grains and proportions.**

Back 13

Composition

Front 14

__ refers to what does it look like? The shape of grains –all the same or different? How do they fit together? Loose, interlocked, glued, etc.**

Back 14

Texture

Front 15

What are the 3 main classifications of rocks?

Back 15

Igneous

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Front 16

When you think of Igneous think of ___.

Back 16

volcano

Front 17

___ igneous rocks tend to be coarse grained (Granite, Gabbro, Diorite) while ___ igneous rocks (Rhyolite, Andesite, Basalt, Obsidian, Pumice) tend to fine-grained glassy or porphyritic.

Back 17

plutonic; volcanic;

Front 18

Rocks that are rich in silicon, generally lighter in color, less dense, than basalt, tends to be thick when flowing. Adds danger to volcanoes.*

Back 18

Silicic (felsic)

Front 19

Rocks that are typically dark, denser than silicic, and rich in ferromagnesian minerals. Less dangerous composition in volcanoes because they tend to be bubblers –sort of

Back 19

Mafic (basaltic)

Front 20

Rocks similar to mafic but with less silica. Tend to be very dense.

Back 20

Ultramafic

Front 21

Rocks composed of visible crystals in a very fine grained matrix.****

Back 21

Porphyritic texture

Front 22

Find definition of

Back 22

Extrusive rock

Front 23

igneous rock formed by solidification at considerable depth beneath the earth's surface.

Back 23

plutonic

Front 24

_____ “CLASTICS” (BITS AND PIECES). How do you make little rocks out of big rocks?
Different methods such as?

Back 24

-Acid
-Freezing
- Mechanical action (weathering) (just break the rocks up)

Front 25

Natural Acids degrade rock. Water + Carbon dioxide in air makes a weak carbonic acid ( H2CO3). It dissolves rocks over geologic time with acid rain.

Back 25

One way to get little rocks out of big rocks

Front 26

Freezing water fractures rock (and everything else that is confining water). Water is an important weathering agent. How?*

Back 26

Water expands while freezing from a liquid to a solid and breaks rocks

Front 27

Water, air and gravity (falling) mechanically transports clasts/grains/fragments producing _____. Transports clasts/grains/fragments from one location to another scouring, breaking, fracturing, rounding and eventually depositing.

Back 27

Mechanical weathering

Front 28

______. The clastic (classic) “who done it” mystery series studying source areas and histories for clastic rocks. What is in the clastic pile and from where did it come? What is NOT in the clastic pile?

Back 28

Paleogeography

Front 29

Name the Clastic Sedimentary rocks from largest sediment type to smallest.*

Back 29

Gravel, Sand, Mud

Front 30

Angular shaped rocks in a fine-grained matrix is called “____.” If the rocks were rounded it would be called “______.”

Back 30

Breccia; conglomerate

Front 31

As tectonic forces uplift mountains, erosion removes rock materials from high areas and deposits them in lower areas creating sediments.

Back 31

Just know

Front 32

The earth is a consummate recycling operation. Over GEOLOGIC time, mountains erode, much of the eroded sediments end up in the oceans and are subducted under plate. EVERYTHING IS ___.******

Back 32

The Rock Cycle; RECYCLED

Front 33

Remember that stuff GENERALLY ROLLS ___ by gravity.

Back 33

Downhill