Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Advantages of concrete |
Good compressive strength Reinforced concrete improves tensile strength Non combustible - good FR Doesn’t collapse suddenly |
|
|
Disadvantages of concrete |
Spalls in heat due to thermal expansion of aggregate Spalling can Worsen of suddenly cooled |
|
|
Is glass fire resistant |
No - non combustible but breaks under rapid heat |
|
|
Where is stone used in buildings |
Stairs, beams, columns |
|
|
Heating stone causes what? |
Spalling due to differential expansion of outer layers |
|
|
Disadvantages of stone |
Each type of stone is different - no uniformity of strength Spalls Can collapse suddenly |
|
|
What is Glulam |
Layers of wood and adhesive |
|
|
What do metals do in heat? |
Expand and conduct |
|
|
What does iron do in heat |
Weakens and can shatter when cooled suddenly |
|
|
At what temperature does unprotected steel lose 2/3 of its strength? |
600 degrees |
|
|
2 types of steel protection |
Solid (cement based coat) Hollow (insulation I.E plasterboard) |
|
|
Melting temperature of aluminium and is it low? |
100-225 and yes! |
|
|
Melting temperature of lead |
327 degrees |
|
|
Why should you be careful working under a lead roof? |
Low melting temperature - may collapse |
|
|
Define elements of structure |
Parts of building which contribute to overall stability |
|
|
A small beam is called what? |
Lintel |
|
|
What constitutes a solid construction |
Load bearing walls of brick stone and concrete |
|
|
What constitutes a framed building |
Weight of building is carried by the frame - walls are not load bearing |
|
|
Six types of frame |
Structural steel (car parks, sky scrapers) Reinforced concrete (largely replaces SS) Portal frame (single storey) Lightweight steel (single storey Timber construction (houses) Prefabricated/modular systems (fit together - complete structure) |
|
|
Why do firefighters need a good knowledge of construction? |
Helps form plan for incidents Can safely deal with collapse Knowing which parts support other parts (can safely move debris) |
|
|
What are the operational considerations of building collapse |
Look for signs and symptoms Ensure any warnings are received and understood by IC and FF Be ready to withdraw if necessary Always doubt the structural integrity of roofs as can’t tell what the internal structure is from outside |
|
|
3 types of Roof construction |
Flat Mansard (special pitched - enough space for another storey) Pitched - close coupled(ridge board is whole length of roof) and trussed |
|
|
2 Dangers of gang nailed truss plates |
Roof weight is spread over whole structure and GNT plates become weak in fire- full and immediate collapse Plates conduct heat to wood which is thinner in trussed roofs |
|
|
What 3 things should a FF be aware of in terms of floors |
Timber damn burn undetected under floor covering Smoke can go undetected between floorboard and ceiling sheets Collapsing joists may have lever effect on wall |
|
|
4 stairs to be aware of in fire |
Stone Cantilever (collapse without warning) Cast iron (cracks and fall at localised cooling) Timber (may burn from underneath and can’t tell if boxed in) |
|
|
4 signs of damaged stairs |
Mishape Spalling Smoke Charring |
|
|
What type of construction uses sandwich panels |
Framed |
|
|
What causes the rapid fire spread and large toxic smoke in sandwich panels |
Often coated with PVC |
