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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The main methods of building construction... |
Solid constructions (traditional masonry) Framed constructions- structural steel frame, reinforced concrete, portal frame, lightweight steel, timber construction, prefabricated or modular systems.what |
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What is the definition of the term ‘element of structure’. |
parts of a building which contribute to the overall stability of the building are called elements of structure. Damage to or failure of these parts of a building can cause partial or complete collapse. |
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What are the main materials used in the construction of a building? |
Concrete Glass Stone Timber Metals Iron Steel Aluminium Lead, copper and zinc |
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What are the causes of collapse in a building? |
steel columns or beams may buckle or bend if subjected to high temperatures and if unprotected. Steel beams may also expand pushing walls outwards. Cast iron columns or beams may crack or shatter if rapidly cooled following exposure to high temperatures. Stone/concrete columns or beams may spall (outside fall off due to localised cooling) when hit with a jet. Walls which form part of the structural frame of the building, expansion of the inner face of a wall due to heat bowing the wall out of verticals. Cracks in the lower parts of the wall (especially horizontal cracks) indicate danger. Walls can be made unstable by the collapse of floors leaving high walls unsupported. Collapse of beans or floor joists can lever walls off balance. Cracked or dropped arches over windows, doors or other openings can lead to collapse. Collapse of a building can leave high walls unsupported. The joists or beams built into a wall can have a levering effect should they fall. If the floor collapses, the weight of the floor plus the rooms contents will drop at speed into the floor below creating a shock load. If the floor were to collapse then twice the weight would drop on to the next floor down and rapid collapse of the building could occur. |
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The signs of building collapse. |
Falling pieces of mortar, stone etc from the walls. Floors coming away from the walls. The collapse of floors. Columns or beams falling. Cracks in walls and particularly horizontal cracking. Bowing of walls or walls out of vertical. Spalling of concrete. Collapse of arches a above openings. Damage of collapse of the wall of a protected shaft. |
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What are the operational considerations in relation to building collapse. |
Effective communication at an incident is vital for everyone’s safety and the successful conclusion of the incident. |
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What is the evacuation signal, who initiates it and how to act when it’s heard? |
It’s short repeated blasts on the acme thunderer whistle. It is sounded by the incident commander or other personnel when they become aware of a risk of injury due to the detection of unsafe working conditions. If it isn’t practical to inform the IC or sector commander, the emergency signal may be sounded by any firefighter who detects there is an immediate risk. When you hear the signal you. Repeat the signal. Withdraw from the area as quickly and safely as possible. Crews closest to the potential danger will withdraw first and crews in least danger protect the exit routes. Leave any equipment. Report to the booking in point, (initial command pump or command unit). At the booking in point a roll call will be taken to make sure all persons are accountable for. |
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What is the evacuation signal, who initiates it and how to act when it’s heard? |
It’s short repeated blasts on the acme thunderer whistle. It is sounded by the incident commander or other personnel when they become aware of a risk of injury due to the detection of unsafe working conditions. If it isn’t practical to inform the IC or sector commander, the emergency signal may be sounded by any firefighter who detects there is an immediate risk. When you hear the signal you. Repeat the signal. Withdraw from the area as quickly and safely as possible. Crews closest to the potential danger will withdraw first and crews in least danger protect the exit routes. Leave any equipment. Report to the booking in point, (initial command pump or command unit). At the booking in point a roll call will be taken to make sure all persons are accountable for. |
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What are the hazards and risks in a fire situation associated with sandwich panels? |
Back (Definition) |
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What are the hazards and risks in a fire situation associated with gang nailed roof trusses |
Back (Definition) |
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What are the hazards and risks in a fire situation associated with floors? |
Back (Definition) |
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What are the hazards and risks in a fire situation associated with stairs. |
Back (Definition) |
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