Building Construction- 1

Front 1

Define: Cockloft

Back 1

a void space between the roof and the ceiling of the top floor.

Front 2

Define: Dead Load

Back 2

the weight of the building

Front 3

Define: Live Loads

Back 3

any loads other than dead loads

Front 4

Typical building code min. design load requirements are spelled out in the ...

Back 4

BOCA
Building Officials Conference of America

Front 5

Define: Impact Load

Back 5

Loads delivered in a short time.

Front 6

Code states that buildings with explosives to be handled must be...

Back 6

4- hour fire resistive construction

Front 7

Define: Static Load

Back 7

loads which are applied slowly and remain constant

Front 8

Define: Repeated Loads

Back 8

loads which are applied intermittently

Front 9

Define: Diaphram Load

Back 9

disigned to stiffen the building against wind and other lateral loads such as earthquakes

Front 10

Define: Concentrated Loads

Back 10

heavy loads loacated at one point in a building.

Front 11

What stone is particularly subect to spalling?

Back 11

Granite

Front 12

Steel has 3 negative characteristics in fires...

Back 12

1. it conducts heat
2. when heated it elongates
3. it fails 1000-1100 degrees

Front 13

Define: KIP

Back 13

1000 psi

Front 14

Define: Strain

Back 14

the % of elongation which occurs when a meterial is stressed.

Front 15

Plastics are converted into "equivalent pounds" on the bias that ...

Back 15

one pound of plastics equals 2 pound of wood.

Front 16

Define: Axial Load

Back 16

force perpenticular to the plane that passes through the center

Front 17

Define: Eccentric Load

Back 17

force perpenticular to the plane that does not pass through the center

Front 18

Define: Compressive Force

Back 18

pushes materials together

Front 19

Define: Tensile Force

Back 19

pulls materials apart

Front 20

Define: Deflection

Back 20

bending which combines both compression and tension

Front 21

Define: Joist

Back 21

a wooden beam

Front 22

A simple beam is supported...

Back 22

at 2 points near the ends

Front 23

A continuous beam is supported ...

Back 23

at 3 or more points

Front 24

A fixed beam is supported...

Back 24

at 2 points and is held in position at both points.

Front 25

Define: Girder

Back 25

any beam which supports other beams. (any material)

Front 26

Define: Transfer Beam

Back 26

moves loads laterally

Front 27

Define: Grillage

Back 27

a series of closely spaced beams designed to carry a particularly heavy load.

Front 28

Define: a Cantilever Beam

Back 28

is supported at only one end.

Front 29

Define: Cross Wall

Back 29

any wall at right angles to any other wall.

Front 30

Define: Party Wall

Back 30

a bearing wall common to 2 structures.

Front 31

The _______________ is the eternal enemy of every building. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, it exerts a force on the building.

Back 31

Force of gravity

Front 32

The ______________ in a building consists of all the structural elements and the connections which support and transfer the loads.

Back 32

Gravity resistance

Front 33

_______________ is the weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached or built in.

Back 33

Dead load

Front 34

________________ is closely related to mass. All other things being equal, a heavier steel beam will take longer to fail due to heating than a lighter beam.

Back 34

Fire resistance

Front 35

The _________________ must be estimated based on the projected use of the building and such variables as snow, wind or rain.

Back 35

Live loads

Front 36

______________ are loads which are delivered in a short time.

Back 36

Impact loads

Front 37

____________ represents the potential fuel available to a fire.

Back 37

Fire load

Front 38

The _____________ indicates how fast the potential heat in the fuel is released.

Back 38

Rate of Heat Release

Front 39

The basic measurement of ________________ is the BTU, the amount of heat required to raise a pound of water one degree F.

Back 39

Caloric value

Front 40

Wood and paper generate ______________ BTU’s per pound

Back 40

8000

Front 41

___________ received the earliest attention as columns were apparently considered to present no problems.

Back 41

Floors

Front 42

Materials and assemblies are classified by their_______________, or more accurately, fire endurance, capabilities according to standards which are designed by different organizations

Back 42

Fire resistance

Front 43

Essentially, the provisions of the standard require a _________________ consistent method for conduction tests and classifying results.

Back 43

Reproducible test fire

Front 44

By the nature of the testing process, the listed assembly is ______________ capable of passing the test.

Back 44

Minimum quality structure

Front 45

________________ are concerned with the length of time a particular building assembly will continue to perform is structural and/or barrier function, in the face of an assault by a standard fire test.

Back 45

Fire resistance ratings

Front 46

_______________ are concerned with the rate at which fire spreads over the surface of a material, the smoke the material develops, and the fuel it contributes to the fire.

Back 46

Flame spread ratings

Front 47

_____________ is defined as the amount of fuel per square foot of floor space.

Back 47

Fire loading

Front 48

Fire resistance does not necessarily mean ___________________.

Back 48

Noncombustibility

Front 49

Recognize that not all fire-resistance systems which receive the same rating are _____________.

Back 49

Equal

Front 50

__________ is the ultimate test of the fire-resistive structure.

Back 50

The fire

Front 51

______________, or the more accurate description, fire growth, is a particularly hazardous fire phenomenon which has come to be recognized.

Back 51

Flame spread

Front 52

____________ is the most important metal used in building construction.

Back 52

Steel

Front 53

Substantial elongation can take place in a steel member at ordinary fire temps. ______________

Back 53

About 1000 degrees F

Front 54

When heated to higher temps. ____________, which are common at major fires, the yield point of steel is dramatically reduced.

Back 54

Above 1300 degrees F

Front 55

____________________ such as steel tendons used for tensioned concrete and for excavation tie backs and elevator cables will fail at about 800 degrees F.

Back 55

Cold drawn steel

Front 56

The top and bottom of the “I” are called ____________ and the stem is called the ____________.

Back 56

Flanges, Web

Front 57

Girders that tie wall columns together in a framed building best describes _______________.

Back 57

Spandrel girders

Front 58

Steel framing used in many commercial and industrial buildings is almost universally unprotected. At best, such buildings can only be classified as __________________.

Back 58

Non combustible

Front 59

Rigid frames are a cousin to the ___________ and are used to achieve wide clear span.

Back 59

Arch

Front 60

In almost all building codes, steel used to support roofs at a certain distance above the floor _________________ does not require protection.

Back 60

20 to 30 ft.

Front 61

Concrete, terra cotta, metal lath and plaster, and gypsum board are material commonly used to protect steel. This method is called _______________.

Back 61

Encasement

Front 62

______________ is often easily knocked off by other trades doing their own work.

Back 62

Sprayed on materials

Front 63

Concrete is _____________ in tensile strength and has poor shear resistance.

Back 63

Very weak

Front 64

The material that is mixed with cement to make concrete is called _______________.

Back 64

Aggregate

Front 65

_______________ is made of solid and liquid particles and is the usual visible product of combustion.

Back 65

Smoke

Front 66

_______________, the most prevalent of the toxic fire gases.

Back 66

Carbon monoxide

Front 67

Polyvinyl chloride (PVDC)_ is a very effective _____________________.

Back 67

Electric insulator

Front 68

Carbon monoxide is a ______________________.

Back 68

Flammable gas

Front 69

______________ is described as the sudden ignition of the gases distilled from the heating of the contents and interior surfaces of a structure.

Back 69

Flashover

Front 70

Water damage is often considered the most expensive byproduct of ____________.

Back 70

Fire suppression

Front 71

________________ may well be the most expensive byproduct of a fire.

Back 71

Smoke damage

Front 72

_______________ containing halogens such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine form corrosive acids when combined with hydrogen and O2, or moisture in the air.

Back 72

Plastics

Front 73

When it was learned from such fires as the 1908 Parker Building fire in New York the fire could extend up _______________ in “fireproof buildings” the concept of _______________ or creating fire areas no larger than one floor was developed.

Back 73

Open stairways, compartmentalation

Front 74

Fire walls with automatic fire doors intended to close only in the case of fire are equipped with _____________.

Back 74

Fusible links

Front 75

Non-fire resistive buildings, and older fire resistive building, were usually built without any consideration of the control of _______________________.

Back 75

Fire and smoke movement

Front 76

The development of ___________________ has provided equipment which is sensitive to smoke and which may help to eliminate the problem of blocked open doors.

Back 76

The smoke detector

Front 77

____________________ have minimum horizontal barriers. This allows smoke to pollute an entire mall.

Back 77

Shopping malls

Front 78

Precast beams often have the word _____ cast into the top of the beam.

Back 78

Top, to insure that the beam is installed right side up.

Front 79

For any unit area, steel has ____ times the compressive strength of concrete.

Back 79

15 times

Front 80

Define: Waffle concrete

Back 80

closely spaced beams are set at right angles to one another, and unnecessary concrete is formed out. Looks like a waffle.

Front 81

What are other names for cold drawn steel cables...

Back 81

Tendons, or strands or cables

Front 82

Define: Falsework

Back 82

is the temp. structure erected to support concrete work in the course of construction.

Front 83

Falsework can provide ____ lbs per square in. for each ft. of height.

Back 83

150 lbs per square in.

Front 84

The setting of concrete is temp. dependant. Concrete poured at 50 deg. F will develop ____ more pressure than at 70 degrees.

Back 84

1/3

Front 85

What is Youtz-Slick method?

Back 85

Lift-slab construction

Front 86

Hanging tendons can act as heat collectors and will fail at about ____ degress.

Back 86

800 degrees

Front 87

Concrete in fire-resistive construction serves 2 purposes...

Back 87

1. it resists compressive stresses
2. it protects the tensile strength of steel from fire.

Front 88

What does Lime Plaster do?

Back 88

it absorbs the heat and slows the fire

Front 89

Factory Mutual (FM) classified cables into 3 groups, what are they?

Back 89

1. they resist fire
2. slow burning
3. very rapid burning

Front 90

NFPA 101

Back 90

the Life Safety Code, requires existing building to conform to min. standards

Front 91

It appears that materials with a smoke rating of 300 or more can be expected to ...

Back 91

generate substantial amount of smoke

Front 92

What is the limit in ft. for FF penetration into a room where flashover is imminent?

Back 92

5 feet

Front 93

CO can be generated up to _____ as much in enclosed voids as in the open.

Back 93

50 times as much

Front 94

The chief "mover" of smoke in a fire is _______

Back 94

Gravity

Front 95

What are the two types of closure devices?

Back 95

automatic and self-closing

Front 96

Name the most common type of home fire?

Back 96

Smoldering Fires

Front 97

Consumers Union strongly recommends _______ detectors.

Back 97

photelectric

Front 98

In the case of a high rise fire, a realistic estimate of time between alarm and start of extinguishment is ____ min.

Back 98

20 min.

Front 99

What is the principal smoke moving "mechanism"?

Back 99

the thermal energy of fire.

Front 100

Define: Stack Effect

Back 100

is the term used to describe the movement of air inside a tightly sealed building, due to the difference of the temps. inside and outside the building.

Front 101

Modern high-rise buildings weigh about _______ lbs. per cubic feet.

Back 101

8 or 9 lbs. per cubic feet.

Front 102

In a sealed air conditioned building in the summertime, the stack effect is _______.

Back 102

Reversed.

Front 103

Define: Truss

Back 103

a framed structure consisting of a triangle or group of triangles arranged in a single plane.

Front 104

Define: Chords

Back 104

the top and bottom members of a truss.

Front 105

The commpressive connecting members of a truss are called ______.

Back 105

Struts

Front 106

The tensile connecting members of a truss are called _______.

Back 106

Ties

Front 107

The struts, ties and panel points of a truss are called the ______.

Back 107

Web

Front 108

Define: Parallel chord truss

Back 108

the bottom and top chords are parallel.

Front 109

How far do metal gusset plates dig into wood?

Back 109

3/8 in.

Front 110

Onc cubic foot of O2 provides _____ BTU.

Back 110

537

Front 111

Joisted floors have one large advantage over the truss...

Back 111

Each joist acts as a fire stop.

Front 112

The flammablility range of Carbon Monoxide is from ______.

Back 112

12.5 - 74%

Front 113

A ____ min. exposure to 3500 ppm of CO would be hazardous and possibly incapacitating.

Back 113

10 min.

Front 114

Define Wet Pipe Systems

Back 114

these systems employ automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing water under pressure at all times.

Front 115

Define: Dry Pipe Systems

Back 115

These systems have automatic sprinklers attached to piping which contains air or nitrogen under pressure.

Front 116

Define: Preaction Systems

Back 116

These are systems in which there is air in the piping that may or may not be under pressure. When a fire occurs, a fire detecting device in the area is activated, sending water to the sprinklers before they are activated.

Front 117

Define: Deluge Systems

Back 117

There systems have all sprinklers open at all times.

Front 118

If the sprinkler flowed 15 min. about ______ gallons of water would be dumped.

Back 118

225 gallons.

Front 119

A sprinkler piping is tested after installation to ...

Back 119

200 psi. for 2 hours

Front 120

NFPA 13 permits omission of sprinklers where the ceiling is withing ____ of the joists.

Back 120

6 in.

Front 121

NFPA 13

Back 121

Standard for Spriklers

Front 122

The Standard is that any building with more than ____ sprinklers must have a _________.

Back 122

20 sprinklers, FDC

Front 123

________________ is closely related to mass. All other things being equal, a heavier steel beam will take longer to fail due to heating than a lighter beam.

Back 123

Fire resistance

Front 124

What type of load represents the potential fuel available to a fire.

Back 124

Fire Load

Front 125

The _____________ indicates how fast the potential heat in the fuel is released.

Back 125

The Rate of Heat Release

Front 126

Wood and paper generate ______________ BTU’s per pound.

Back 126

8000 BTU's

Front 127

Materials and assemblies are classified by their_______________, or more accurately, fire endurance, capabilities according to standards which are designed by different organizations.

Back 127

Fire Resistance

Front 128

________________ are concerned with the length of time a particular building assembly will continue to perform is structural and/or barrier function, in the face of an assault by a standard fire test.

Back 128

Fire Resistance Ratings

Front 129

_____________ is defined as the amount of fuel per square foot of floor space.

Back 129

Fire Loading

Front 130

Fire resistance does not necessarily mean ___________________.

Back 130

Non-combustibility

Front 131

__________ is the ultimate test of the fire-resistive structure.

Back 131

The Fire

Front 132

____________ is the most important metal used in building construction.

Back 132

Steel

Front 133

Substantial elongation can take place in a steel member at ordinary fire temps. ______________

Back 133

1000 degrees

Front 134

When heated to higher temps. ____________, which are common at major fires, the yield point of steel is dramatically reduced.

Back 134

Above 1300 degrees F

Front 135

____________________ such as steel tendons used for tensioned concrete and for excavation tie backs and elevator cables will fail at about 800 degrees F.

Back 135

Cold Drawn Steel

Front 136

The top and bottom of the “I” are called ____________ and the stem is called the ____________.

Back 136

Flanges, Web

Front 137

Rigid frames are a cousin to the ___________ and are used to achieve wide clear span.

Back 137

Arch

Front 138

Heated to 1000 degrees F, a steel member will expand ___________________.

Back 138

9 1/2 in. over 100ft.

Front 139

In almost all building codes, steel used to support roofs at ____________ the floor does not require protection.

Back 139

20 to 30 ft.

Front 140

Concrete, terra cotta, metal lath and plaster, and gypsum board are material commonly used to protect steel. This method is called _______________.

Back 140

Encasement

Front 141

______________ is often easily knocked off by other trades doing their own work.

Back 141

Sprayed on materials

Front 142

Concrete is _____________ in tensile strength and has poor shear resistance.

Back 142

very weak in tensile strength

Front 143

The material that is mixed with cement to make concrete is called _______________.

Back 143

Aggregate

Front 144

_______________ is made of solid and liquid particles and is the usual visible product of combustion.

Back 144

Smoke

Front 145

Polyvinyl chloride (PVDC)_ is a very effective _____________________.

Back 145

Electric Inuslator

Front 146

Carbon monoxide is a ______________________.

Back 146

Flammable Gas

Front 147

______________ is described as the sudden ignition of the gases distilled from the heating of the contents and interior surfaces of a structure.

Back 147

Flashover

Front 148

Water damage is often considered the most expensive byproduct of ____________.

Back 148

Fire Suppression

Front 149

________________ may well be the most expensive byproduct of a fire.

Back 149

Smoke Damage

Front 150

_______________ containing halogens such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine form corrosive acids when combined with hydrogen and O2, or moisture in the air.

Back 150

Plastics

Front 151

When it was learned from such fires as the 1908 Parker Building fire in New York the fire could extend up _______________ in “fireproof buildings” the concept of _______________ or creating fire areas no larger than one floor was developed.

Open stairways, compartmentalation

Back 151

Open stairways, compartmentalation

Front 152

Fire walls with automatic fire doors intended to close only in the case of fire are equipped with _____________.

Back 152

Fusible Links

Front 153

Non-fire resistive buildings, and older fire resistive building, were usually built without any consideration of the control of _______________________.

Back 153

Fire and Smoke Movement

Front 154

The development of ___________________ has provided equipment which is sensitive to smoke and which may help to eliminate the problem of blocked open doors.

Back 154

Smoke Detectors

Front 155

____________________ have minimum horizontal barriers.

Back 155

Shopping Malls

Front 156

High voltage equipment is defined as being ____ volts or better.

Back 156

600 volts

Front 157

Transformers containing PCB's are required to be ______

Back 157

Labeled.

Front 158

Air cooled transformers are a.k.a.

Back 158

Dry Transformers

Front 159

What type of bld. is defined by some codes as one in which the lowest level is 30 feet below the main exit that serve that level.

Back 159

Underground Bld.

Front 160

Explosions in which the combustion proceeds through the medium at speeds greater than the speed of sound.

Back 160

Detonation Explosion

Front 161

Explosion in which the combustion proceeds through the medium at speeds less than sound.

Back 161

Deflagration Explosion

Front 162

Which type of explosion causes more damage? Detonation or Deflagration

Back 162

Detonation

Front 163

Vent closures must operate at as ___ an internal pressure as practical.

Back 163

LOW

Front 164

T or F: Dedicated smoke control system is provided only for the purpose of smoke control.

Back 164

True

Front 165

Which type of smoke system uses in part the HVAC for smoke control? Dedicated or Nondeicated?

Back 165

Nondecated Smoke System