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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Obj.
Describe 2 general classes of exocrine gland secretion |
1. mucous glands: secrete mucinogens
2. serous glands: secrete serous fluid *may also have a mixed gland w/both types |
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What is the difference btwn mucinogens and serous fluid?
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mucinogens= large glycoproteins that forma viscous lubricant (mucin) when hydrated, major component of mucous
serous fluid= watery fluid rich in enzymes, enzymes vary depending on specific gland |
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Obj.
Explain 3 exocrine gland modes of secretion |
1. merocrine: release via exocytosis
*most common 2. holocrine: released at wHOLe cell *ex: sebaceous gland of hair follicle 3. apocrine: cleavage released apical portion of cell w/ content *ex: lactating mammary gland, some sweat gland |
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Obj.
Describe structural characteristics of unicellular & multicellular glands |
unicellular: single secretory cell
ex: goblet cell mulicellular: multiple secretory cells w/i gland vary in shape- -acinus/alveolus (spherical) -tubule -tubulo-acinar (combination of an acinus & tubule w/i one secretory unit) vary in branching- -simple (single duct/unbranched) -compound (glands w/ branched ducts) |
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Compound tubulo-acinar glands are multi-branched glands with tubular secretory portions that often end in ____________
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acini
*both types of secretory units present |
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Compound acinar/tubular glands have mutiple acini/tubular secretory portions, each emptying into what?
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an intercalated duct
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Several intercalated ducts will merge to form ____________
These structures will drain into ____________ |
striated intralobular ducts
interlobular/excretory ducts |
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Striated intralobular ducts have _____________, which originate from the basal surface of the cuboid cells, arising from _____________ w/ many mitochondria.
What do these cuboid cells do? |
radial striations
membrane folds reabsorp Na+ from duct lumen & secrete enzyme into it |
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Differentiate btwn the following:
lobules- connective tissue septa- parenchyma- stroma- |
lobules- subdivisions of a compound gland, each possessing many secretory units
connective tissue septa- separate the lobules parenchyma- glandular tissue w/i lobule stroma- connective tissue that forms supportive framework for parenchyma |
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Obj.
Explain salivary gland functions |
Lubrication- via water & glycoproteins (mucous cells)
Solvent- for substances that excite taste buds Carb. digestion- via amylase in saliva Anti-bacterial- via lysozyme Immunological defense- via immunoglobins bound to secretory components which resist enzymatic digestion |
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A ______________, composed of collagenous ct, surround each of the major salivary glands
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capsule
*extensions form interlobular septa |
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Obj.
Describe the identifying characteristics of major named salivary glands |
1. Parotid gland
inferior & anterior to ears *largest *compound acinar *serous only *well developed capsule w/ many lymphoid cells that produce immunoglobulin 2. Submandibular (submaxillary gland) either side of floor of mouth mixed compound tubulo-acinar *majority serous, some mucous 3. Sublingual gland floor of mouth, duct may join submandibular gland mixed compound tubulo-acinar *majority mucous, also serous (in serous demilunes) |
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Obj.
Describe exocrine pancreas structure |
*lies posterior to peritoneum along posterior abdominal wall
-clusters of endocrine (Islets of langerhans) w/ exocrine (compound acinar, serous only) |
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What type of compound acinar is exclusive to the exocrine pancreas?
What gland type is very similar to the exocrine pancreas? |
centroacinar cells
-pale centers represent beginning of intracalated duct, striated ducts NOT present similar to parotid gland |
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Obj.
What are the major secretions of the exocrine pancreas? |
water ions, digestive enzymes, & proenzymes
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Obj
How are pancreatic secretions controlled by the following: cholecystokinin secretin vagus nerve |
cholecystokinin- induces cells to release their enzymes
(hormone produced by duodenal enteroendocrine cells) secretin- promotes secretion of large quantities of bicarb-rich, enzyme poor fluid, used to optimize pH in small intestine, coordinated action with cholecystokinin for final secretory product (hormone produced by duodenal eneteroendocrine cells) vagus nerve- nervous control of secretions, secondary to hormonal control |
