Brain Parts And Functions

Front 1

Telecephalon in forebrain

Back 1

cerebral cortex, basil ganglia, limbic system

Front 2

diencephalon in forebrain

Back 2

thalamus, hypothalamus

Front 3

mescephalon in midbrain

Back 3

tectum, tegmentum

Front 4

metencephalon in hindbrain

Back 4

cerebellum, pons

Front 5

myelencephalon

Back 5

medulla oblongata

Front 6

lateral fissure; longditudal fissure

Back 6

seperates frontal and temporal lobe; seperates two hemishpheres

Front 7

central sulcus

Back 7

separates rosal and caudal divisions

Front 8

insular cortex

Back 8

gusatory info (as well as motor functions, interpersonal stuff and emotion), located in lateral sulcus

Front 9

laminae

Back 9

6 cell layers of the cortex: (1-6)
Molecular, external granular, external pyramidal, internal granular, internal pyramidal, multiform

Front 10

fornix

Back 10

axons that carry signals to the septum and mammillary bodies

Front 11

septum

Back 11

midline nucleus attached to corpus callosum and fornix

Front 12

hippocampus

Back 12

part of temporal lobe- made up of four fields (CA fields). for memory

Front 13

amygdala

Back 13

"almond" in temporal lobe, anterior and ventralto the hippocampus

Front 14

Mammillary Bodies

Back 14

round, on ventral surface, attached for fornix arch

Front 15

caudate nucleus

Back 15

centre of brain, C shape

Front 16

globes pallidus

Back 16

sphere, receives input from striatum

Front 17

Striatum

Back 17

collective term for caudate nucleus and putamen

Front 18

putamen

Back 18

band of axons in centre of caudate

Front 19

Thalamus

Back 19

(forebrain) two lobed, sits on top of brain stem, divided into several nuclei

Front 20

hypothalamus

Back 20

(forebrain)controls autonomic and endocrinic functions by stimulating the pituitary gland

Front 21

Tectum; Two parts

Back 21

(midbrain) dorsal surface; posterior inferior colliculi= auditory function, anterior superior colliculi= visual function

Front 22

tegentum 4 parts

Back 22

(midbrain) rostral reticular formation, periaqueductal tray, substanta nigra, red nucleus
= sleep, arousal, reflexes

Front 23

hindbrain contains

Back 23

cerebellum, pons (on brain stem), medulla oblongata, reticular formation

Front 24

Myelin Sheath is made of...

Back 24

80% lipid and 20% Protein

Front 25

Schwann Cells

Back 25

are in PNS and wrap around axons providing a part of the myelin sheath (most axons in PNS are myelinated)

Front 26

Area Postrema

Back 26

region in medulla where blood-brain barrier is weak

Front 27

voltage dependent ion channel
vs
Neurotransmitter dependent ion channel

Back 27

opens/ closes according to membrane potential (presynaptic)
vs
(post synaptic) opens when neurotrans binds with receptor

Front 28

Saltatory Conduction, Detrimental conduction

Back 28

conduction of the message from node to node in a myelinated axon; decrease in signal as it goes from node to node

Front 29

Synapses occur...

Back 29

Axodendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonic

Front 30

Dendritic Spine

Back 30

where axodendritic synapses occur with the terminal buttons of another neuron

Front 31

Fusion Pore

Back 31

hole in vesicle and presynaptic membrane allowing neurotrans to escape

Front 32

Metatrophic vs Isotrophic Receptors

Back 32

nitiate metabolic processes in receiving neurons via G proteins, thus initiating slow, secretory responses
vs
initiate electrochemical signals by opening ion channels and allowing na, k, calcium to flow

Front 33

G protein

Back 33

conveys messages to other molecules when a ligand binds with receptor

Front 34

Neuromodulators

Back 34

chemicals that travel farther than regular neurotransmitters and bind with an alternate site in the receptor (neurotrans bind to the primary site).

Front 35

Neural tube

Back 35

* serves as origin of CNS in embryonic development

Front 36

progenitor cells

Back 36

in ventricular zone of neural tube, give rise to CNS in development by dividing

Front 37

In what order does the cortical development happen?

Back 37

symmetrical division, asymmetrical division, radial glia, layers 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 of cerebral cortex

Front 38

Radial Glia

Back 38

first brain cells created! have fibres that grow out of the Ventricular Zone providing guidance for migrating neurons

Front 39

Somatosensory cortex

Back 39

causal to the central sulcus behind the PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX

Front 40

Calcarine Fissure

Back 40

on occipital lobe; prim visual cortex is located on its upper banks

Front 41

Cingulate Gyrus

Back 41

above corpus callosum, integral part of limbic system

Front 42

Ventrolateral nucleus

Back 42

in thalamus, Receives info from cerebellum and projects it to PMC

Front 43

Spinal root

Back 43

axon bundles which fuse and form the spinal nerve

Front 44

A caudal Block is...

Back 44

paralysis of lower body by injecting anesthesic into CSF surrounding CAUSA EQUINA

Front 45

Dorsal root vs Ventral Root

Back 45

spinal root contains afferent sensory fibres
vs
contains efferent motor fibres

Front 46

Vagus Nerve

Back 46

largest cranial nerve, carries efferent info from parasympathetic ANS to abdominal and thoracic cavities

Front 47

Nigrostratal system

Back 47

dopaminergic area in substantia nigra which project to Striatum

Front 48

Mesolimbic system

Back 48

dopaminergic area in tegmentum, projects to limbic system

Front 49

Mesocortial System

Back 49

Dopaminergic area in tegmentum, projects to prefrontal cortex

Front 50

Axonal Varicosity

Back 50

enlarged part of axon that contains vesicles and releases a neurotransmitter

Front 51

Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Back 51

In thalumus, receives info from retina and sends it to PVC

Front 52

Two Layers of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Back 52

MAGNOCELLULAR LAYER (transmits info for depth, movement, form) and PARVOCELLULAR LAYER( transmits info for perception of colour and fine detail)

Front 53

Medial Genuculate Nucleus

Back 53

in thalamus, receives input from ears and sends it to PAC

Front 54

Primary Visual Cortex also called

Back 54

Striate cortex- has a dark staining layer

Front 55

Extrastriate cortex

Back 55

region that surrounds the striate cortex, part of visual ass cortex receives axons from PVC and superior colliculi and send to inferior temporal cortex

Front 56

Inferior Temporal cortex

Back 56

highest level of ventral stream, involved in perception of objects and faces

Front 57

Posterior parietal Cortex

Back 57

highest level of dorsal stream, involved in perception of movement and locatio

Front 58

Lateral Occipital Colmplex vs Extrastriate body area

Back 58

area of extra striate cortex involved in perception of objects other than faces
vs
involved in perception of body other than faces