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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plants that have secondary growth |
Dicot and gymnosperms. Woody plants. |
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What is the vascular cambium? |
A merge of the interfascicular cambium and the fascicular cambium that form during secondary growth. Separate xylem and phloem. |
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What are the fascicular cambium? |
Cambium that develop within the vascular bundles in the stem of the plant. |
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What are the interfascicular cambium |
Cambium that occupy between two vascular bundles. It is a secondary Meristem |
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What are fusiform initials? |
Long tapered cells that divide along the perclinial wall to produce xylem to the inside and phloem to the outside. |
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What are Ray initials? |
Short cube-shaped cells that produce short cells mainly storage parenchyma in xylem and phloem in albuminous cells in gymnosperms. |
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What is storied cambium? |
Cambium with cells that are short and only touch at the tip |
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What is non storied cambium? |
Cambium with cells that are much more elongated an overlap more. |
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Types of Ray initials |
Uniseriate, biserate, and multiserate |
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What is the axial system made of and what does it do. |
Made of tracheid cells and vessel elements; used for transportation |
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What gives rise to the axial system? |
Fusiform initials |
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What is the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms? |
Angiosperms: hardwood and fiber Gymnosperms: softwoods and does not require fibers. |
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What gives rise to the radial system? |
Rays |
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What cells are the radial system composed of? |
Parenchyma |
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What is the function of the radial system? |
Storage |
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Difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms when it comes to the radial system. |
Gymnosperms will also contain Ray tracheids. Angiosperms won't |
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How are growth rings formed? |
Annual cycle of vascular cambium becoming dormant in the winter results in rings |
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What is early wood? |
Wood developed in the spring and summer that has lots of wide vessels and tracheids. |
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What is late wood? |
Slow-growing wood developed in the fall may have more fibers, narrow tracheids |
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What is Heartwood? |
Center of a log, Is darker in color and dryer? |
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What is sapwood? |
Outer part, lighter, higher water content |
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What is ring porous wood? |
Wood that has vessels which results in more distinct lines between Springwood and last season's wood. |
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What is diffuse porous wood? |
Wood with small diameter pores |
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How is Heartwood formed? |
Vessels stop functioning and are sealed off. |
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What is reaction wood? |
Wood that forms in place of normal wood in response to gravity? Trees produce uneven layers of secondary xylem to account for this. |
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What cells make up secondary phloem? |
Sieve tubes, companion cells, and Ray parenchyma. Also has axial and radial systems. |
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What is the function of secondary phloem? |
Transports nutrients |
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How long does a secondary phloem function? |
1 year |
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What is the purpose of cork cambium? |
Secondary growth that replaces the epidermis in Roots and stems. |
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Difference between inner and outer bark |
Outer bark-all tissue outside cork cambium. Inner bark-all secondary phloem between Cork & Vascular cambium |
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What are lenticels? |
Areas in Cork that allow for gas exchange |
