Bontrager 9 Test

Front 1

The portion of the lamina located between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:

Back 1

Pars interarticularis

Front 2

The superior and inferior notches join together to form the:

Back 2

Intervertebral foramina

Front 3

What radiographic position best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina:

Back 3

Lateral

Front 4

The degree of angle to best demonstrate the facet joints is:

Back 4

45 degrees
(50 for upper, 30 for lower)

Front 5

The anterior superior aspect of the sacrum that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic inlet is called the:

Back 5

Promontory

Front 6

What is another name for the sacral horns?

Back 6

Cornua

Front 7

As compared to the coronal plane, the sacroiliac joints lie at an oblique angle of:

Back 7

30 degrees

Front 8

What is the formal term for the 'tail bone'?

Back 8

Coccyx

Front 9

What is the name for the superior broad aspect of the coccyx?

Back 9

Base

Front 10

What type of joint is the zygapophyseal joint?

Back 10

Classification: synovial
Mobility: diarthroidal
Movement: plane or gliding

Front 11

What type of joint is the intervertebral join?:

Back 11

Classification: cartilagenous
Mobility: amphiarthrodal
Movement: little to none

Front 12

What forms the front leg of the 'Scottie dog'?

Back 12

Inferior articular process

Front 13

What forms the neck of the 'Scottie dog'?

Back 13

Pars interarticularis

Front 14

What forms the eye of the 'Scottie dog'?

Back 14

Pedicle

Front 15

What forms the nose of the 'Scottie dog'?

Back 15

Transverse process

Front 16

What forms the ear of the 'Scottie dog'?

Back 16

Superior articular process

Front 17

(T/F)
The use of higher kV and lower mAs improves contrast, but increases patient dose.

Back 17

False

Front 18

(T/F)
Placing a lead blocker mat behind the patient for lateral lumbarspine positions improves image quality.

Back 18

True

Front 19

(T/F)
Gonadal shielding should always be used for male and female patients for studies of the lumbar spine, sacrum and coccyx.

Back 19

False
Will obscure anatomy in females

Front 20

(T/F)
AP projections of the lumbar spine opens the intervertebral joints spaces better than the PA position.

Back 20

False
PA better, but often more painful for patient

Front 21

(T/F)
Knees and hips should be extended for AP projections of the lumbar spine.

Back 21

False
Both should be flexed

Front 22

(T/F)
Increased SID reduces distortion of the spine anatomy.

Back 22

True
Less magnification

Front 23

(T/F)
The lead blocker mat and close collimation must NOT be used when performing digital imaging of the lumbar spine.

Back 23

False

Front 24

The best imaging modality to best demonstrate osteoporisis is:

Back 24

Bone densitometry

Front 25

The best imaging modality to best demonstrate the soft tissues of the spine is:

Back 25

MRI

Front 26

The best imaging modality to best demonstrate structures in the subarachnoid space is:

Back 26

MRI

Front 27

The best imaging modality to best demonstrate Paget's disease or osteomyelitis is:

Back 27

NM

Front 28

The best imaging modality to best demonstrate compression fractures of the lumbar spine is:

Back 28

CT

Front 29

A lateral curvature of the spine is called:

Back 29

Scoliosis

Front 30

A fracture of the vertebral body as a result of a hyperflexion injury is called:

Back 30

Chance fracture

Front 31

A congential defect of the vertebra in which the posterior aspects of the vertebra fail to unite is called:

Back 31

Spina bifida

Front 32

What condition is most commonly seen at the level of L4-5 and may result in sciatica?

Back 32

HNP

Front 33

Forward displacement of one vertebra into another is called:

Back 33

Spondylolisthesis

Front 34

Dissolution and separation of the pars interarticularis is called:

Back 34

Spondylolysis

Front 35

What is a common type of vertebral fracture that only rarely causes neurologic deficits?

Back 35

Compression fracture

Front 36

For AP and lateral lumbar spine projections, the CR is centered at level:

Back 36

L4
Iliac crest

Front 37

What 2 structures can be evaluated to determine whether rotation is present on an AP projection of the lumbar spine?

Back 37

Sacroiliac joints - equidistant from spine
Spinous process - should be midline

Front 38

Which specific set of facet joints is demonstrated with an LAO position? (Left or Right)

Back 38

Right - upside

Front 39

What positioning error has been committed if the eye of the 'Scottie dog' is projected too far posteriorly?

Back 39

Excessive rotation

Front 40

What CR angle should be used for a lateral lumbar spine image in a patient with a wide pelvis and narrow thorax?

Back 40

5 - 8 degrees caudad

Front 41

Why are the knees and hips flexed for an AP lumbar spine projection?

Back 41

Reduces lumbar curvature
Opens disc spaces
Reduces patient discomfort

Front 42

Where is the CR centered for a lateral L5-S1 projection?

Back 42

1.5" below iliac crests
2" posterior to ASIS

Front 43

(T/F)
Ovarian dose used for PA lumbar spine projections is approximately 30% less than the dose received from AP projections?

Back 43

True

Front 44

(T/F)
The lower margin of the cassette must include the symphysis pubis for a scoliosis series.

Back 44

False
1 - 2" below iliac crests

Front 45

(T/F)
The PA projection for a scoliosis series produces only about one-tenth the dose to the breasts as compared with the AP projection.

Back 45

True

Front 46

Which side of the spine should be elevated for the second exposure when using the Ferguson method?

Back 46

Convex side

Front 47

Which projections should be taken to evaluate flexibility following spinal fusion surgery?

Back 47

Hyperextension
Hyperflexion

Front 48

How much CR angulation is required for an AP sacral image in the typical male patient?

Back 48

15 degrees cephalad
(increase to 20 degrees in patients with greater posterior curvature)

Front 49

(T/F)
AP projections of the sacrum and coccyx can be taken as a single projection.

Back 49

False
Requires different CR angles

Front 50

In which projections of the spine is the patient first required to empty their bladder?

Back 50

AP sacrum and coccyx

Front 51

Which SI joint is best visualized with the RPO position?

Back 51

Left

Front 52

How much body rotation is required for oblique positions of the SI joint?

Back 52

25 - 30 degrees

Front 53

What type of CR angle is recommended for the AP axial projection of the SI joints in a female patient?

Back 53

35 degrees cephalad

Front 54

Where is the CR centered for an oblique projection of the SI joints?

Back 54

1" medial to ASIS

Front 55

As compared to the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic spine, lumbar spinous processes are:
A. Smaller
B. Pointed more downward
C. Larger and more bunt
D. Absent

Back 55

C

Front 56

The anterior/superior ridge of the upper sacrum is called the:
A. Median sacral crest
B. Cornua
C. Promontory
D. Sacral horns

Back 56

C

Front 57

Each sacroiliac joint opens posteriorly and obliquely at approximately:
A. 20 degrees
B. 30 degrees
C. 40 degrees
D. 50 degrees

Back 57

B

Front 58

Where is the pars interarticularis found?
A. Superior & inferior aspect of the pedicle
B. Between the intervertebral disk and vertebra
C. Between the superior & inferior articular processes
D. Between the lamina and spinous processes

Back 58

C

Front 59

What are some characteristics the differentiate thoracic from lumbar vertebrae?

Back 59

Thoracic - downward pointed spinous processes
Smaller
Articulations for ribs

Front 60

The ear and leg of the 'Scottie dog' make up the:

Back 60

Superior and inferior aspects of the facet joint

Front 61

Which landmark corresponds to the L2-3 level?
A. Xiphoid process
B. Lower costal margin
C. Iliac crest
D. ASIS

Back 61

B

Front 62

(T/F)
It is possible to shield females for an AP projection of the sacrum or coccyx if gonadal shields are correctly placed.

Back 62

False

Front 63

Anterior wedging and loss of vertebral body height are characteristic of:
A. Chance fracture
B. Spina bifida
C. Compression fracture
D. Spondylolysis

Back 63

C

Front 64

Which of the following conditions is often diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound?
A. Scoliosis
B. Spina bifida
C. Spondylolisthesis
D. Ankylosing spondlyitis

Back 64

B

Front 65

(T/F)
Ankylosing spondlyitis usually requires an increase in manual exposure factors.

Back 65

False
No changes needed

Front 66

Where is the CR centered for an AP projection of the lumbar spine when using a 11x14 IR?

Back 66

L3
14x17 center a L4

Front 67

What type of CR angulation should be used for a lateral L5-S1 projection if the waist is not supported?
A. Perpendicular to IR
B. 5 - 8 degrees caudad
C. 10 - 15 degrees cephalad
D. 3 - 5 degrees cephalad

Back 67

A

Front 68

(T/F)
90 - 100 Kv can be used for a lateral L5-S1 projection when using digital imaging system.

Back 68

True
85 - 95 kV for analog

Front 69

Which projection or method is designed to demonstrate the degree of scoliosis deformity between primary and compenstory curves as part of a scoliosis study?

Back 69

Ferguson method

Front 70

What 2 things can be done to reduce the scatter during a lateral projection of the sacrum and coccyx?

Back 70

Collimation
Lead mat

Front 71

(T/F)
The pelvis must remain as stationary as possible when positioning for the hyperextension and hyperflexion projections.

Back 71

True