1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
Spinal fusion technique was introduced 70 years ago for the treatment of degenerative disc disease and chronic lower back pain [1]. Hibbs and Albee were two spine surgeons in 1911, who performed first spinal stabilization surgery [2, 3]. Forward displacement of a vertebral bone in sequence of normal alignment of vertebra is called Isthmic Spondylolisthesis-most commonly due to progressive vertebral body malalignment in the lumbar region of spine. Even in severe case of spondylolisthesis, the slipped vertebra is comfortably reduced by the modern surgical techniques [4–7]. However, these operations have high risk of neurological complications from the implant and screws, even in correct procedure, there are neurological complications [8]. There are no significant neurological complication differences found between the reduction procedure and fusion situ [5, 8, 9, 10]. About 90% of all vertebral body slips due to the degenerative and isthmic types of spondylolisthesis [11]. Generally in population after the forth decades 20.7 % are affected [12], lumbosacral junction at lumber 5 and sacrum 1 (L5-S1) are mostly affected. …show more content…
Isthmic Spondylolisthesis treatment depends upon the severity of its symptoms. Treatment of choice for mild Spondylolisthesis is physical therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and modification of patents deli activities, which makes patients, feel comfortable from pain and rest for 10-20 days [14]. After adults fail to respond up to 3-6 months of conservative management, operative management is required.
1.1. Background
Spinal fusion technique was introduced 70 years ago for the treatment of degenerative disc disease and chronic lower back pain [1]. Hibbs and Albee were two spine surgeons in 1911, who performed first spinal stabilization surgery [2, 3]. Forward displacement of a vertebral bone in sequence of normal alignment of vertebra is called Isthmic Spondylolisthesis-most commonly due to progressive vertebral body malalignment in the lumbar region of spine. Even in severe case of spondylolisthesis, the slipped vertebra is comfortably reduced by the modern surgical techniques [4–7]. However, these operations have high risk of neurological complications from the implant and screws, even in correct procedure, there are neurological complications [8]. There are no significant neurological complication differences found between the reduction procedure and fusion situ [5, 8, 9, 10]. About 90% of all vertebral body slips due to the degenerative and isthmic types of spondylolisthesis [11]. Generally in population after the forth decades 20.7 % are affected [12], lumbosacral junction at lumber 5 and sacrum 1 (L5-S1) are mostly affected. …show more content…
Isthmic Spondylolisthesis treatment depends upon the severity of its symptoms. Treatment of choice for mild Spondylolisthesis is physical therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and modification of patents deli activities, which makes patients, feel comfortable from pain and rest for 10-20 days [14]. After adults fail to respond up to 3-6 months of conservative management, operative management is required.