Bontrager Chapter 9 Self Test

Front 1

Compared with the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic spine, the lumbar spinous processes are:

Back 1

Larger & more blunt

Front 2

The anterior/superior ridge of the upper sacrum is called the:

Back 2

promontory

Front 3

Each sacroiliac joint opens obliquely __________ degrees posteriorly.

Back 3

30 degrees

Front 4

The angle of the midlumbar spine zygapopphyseal joints in relation to the midsagittal plane is:

Back 4

45 degrees

Front 5

Where is the pars interarticularis found?

Back 5

Between the superior and inferior articular processes

Front 6

The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine are classified as __________ joints with __________ type of movement.

Back 6

Synovial, gliding

Front 7

The ear and front let of the Scottie dog make up the __________ joint, best seen in the oblique position.

Back 7

Zygopophyseal

Front 8

Which landmark corresponds to the L2-L3 level?

Back 8

Lower costal margin

Front 9

(T/F)
It is possible to shield females for an AP projection of the sacrum or coccyx if the gonadal shields are correctly placed.

Back 9

False

Front 10

(T/F)
The female gonadal dose is approximately equal for either the AP or PA projections of the lumbar spine.

Back 10

False
30% higher for AP projection

Front 11

Anterior wedging and loss of vertebral body height are characteristic of what kind of fracture?

Back 11

Compression fracture

Front 12

What condition of the spine is often diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound?

Back 12

Spina bifida

Front 13

(T/F)
Ankylosing spondylitis usually requires an increase in manual exposure factors>

Back 13

True

Front 14

Where is the central ray centered for an AP projection of the lumbar spine?

Back 14

1 - 1.5" above the iliac crest

Front 15

Which set of facet joints of the lumbar spine is best demonstrated with an LAO position?

Back 15

Right (upper) joints

Front 16

Describe the body built that may require central ray angulation to open the intervertebral joint spaces with a lateral projection of the lumbar spine, even if the patient has some support under the waist.

Back 16

Wide pelvis with narrow thorax

Front 17

What type of central ray angulation should be used for the lateral L5-S1 projection if the waist is not supported?

Back 17

5 - 8 degrees caudad

Front 18

For the lateral L5-S1 projection, the CR is parallel to the _________ plane.

Back 18

Midcoronal

Front 19

Where is the central ray centered for an AP axial projection for L5-S1?

Back 19

Midline at ASIS
35 degrees cephalad for females
30 degrees cephalad for males

Front 20

(T/F)
A kV range of 90 - 100 kV can be used for a lateral L5-S1 projection when using a digital imaging system.

Back 20

True

Front 21

Which projection or method is designed to demonstrate the degree of scoliosis deformity between the primary and compensatory curves as part of a scoliosis study?

Back 21

Ferguson method

Front 22

Which projections are designed to measure mobility of the vertebral vertebral column at the site of a spinal fusion?

Back 22

Hyperflexion and hyperextension

Front 23

Where is the CR centered for an AP projection of the sacrum?

Back 23

ASIS, Midline

Front 24

What 2 thing can be done to reduce the high amounts of scatter reaching the IR during a lateral projection of the sacrum and coccyx?

Back 24

Collimation
Lead mat

Front 25

Why should a single lateral projection of the sacrum and coccyx be performed rather than separate laterals of the structures?

Back 25

Reduced gonadal dose

Front 26

(T/F)
The pelvis must remain as stationary as possible when positioning for the hyperextension and and hyperflexion projections/

Back 26

True

Front 27

A radiograph of an AP projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the SI joints are not equidistant from the spine. The right ala appears witer and the left SI joint is more open. Which specific positioning error is evident?

Back 27

Rotation to the right

Front 28

A radiograph of an LPO projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the downside pedicles are projected toward the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies. What must be done to correct this error?

Back 28

Decrease rotation

Front 29

The AP projection of the sacrum reveals that the sactrum is foreshortened and the foramina are not open. What is te positioning error?

Back 29

Insufficient cephalad angulation

Front 30

Situation:
A patient with a possible compression fracture of L3 enters the emergency room. Which projections will best demonstrate the injury?

Back 30

Lateral

Front 31

Situation:
A patient with a clinical history of spondylolisthesis of L5-S1 comes to the RD. What basic projections should be included in the study?

Back 31

AP
Lateral
L5-S1 spot
Right & left oblique at 30 degrees

Front 32

Situation:
A study of the SI joints demonstrates that the joints are not open and the upper iliac wings are nearly superimposing the joints. The technologist performed a 35 degree RPO and LPO with a perpendicular CR. What should be done to open the joints?

Back 32

Decrease rotation to 25 - 30 degrees

Front 33

Situation:
A patient comes to the RD for a follow-up study for a compression fracture of L3. The radiologist requests that collimated projections be taken of L3. Which projections and centering would provide the best study of L3 and the intervertebral spaces?

Back 33

AP or PA lateral, 2" above iliac crests

Front 34

Situation:
A patient with an injury to the coccyx enters the ER. when attempting the AP projection, the patient complains of back pain. The patient is unable to stand. What other options are available?

Back 34

PA with reversing angle of CR

Front 35

Situation:
A patient with a clinical history of spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 comes the the RD. Which spine position is most diagnostic for this condition?

Back 35

Lateral of L5-S1

Front 36

Situation:
A positioning series for SI joints is performed on a patient. The radiographs do not demonstrate the inferior portion of the joints. What can be done during repeat exposure to demonstrate this aspect of SI joints?

Back 36

15-20 degree cephalad angulation

Front 37

Situation:
A patient comes to the RD for a lumbar spine series. he has a clinical history of advanced spondylolysis. Which specific projection(s) of the lumbar spine series will best demonstrate this condition?

Back 37

Posterior & anterior oblique positioning

Front 38

Situation:
A patient comes to the radiology department for a lumbar spine series. She has a clinical history of severe kyphosis. How should the lumbar series be modified?

Back 38

Erect positioning

Front 39

A radiograph of an LPO projection of the LS reveals that the downside pedicles and facet joints are projected over the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies. What is the positioning error?

Back 39

Insufficient rotation

Front 40

A radiograph of a lateral projection of a female lumbar spine reveals that the mid to lower intervertebral joint spaces are not open. The midsection of the spine was supported. what else con be done?

Back 40

5-8 degree caudad CR angulation if patient has wide pelvis with narrow thorax

Front 41

A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the coccyx reveals that the distal tip is superimposed ove the symphysis pubis. What must the technologist do to eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure?

Back 41

Increase CR angle

Front 42

A radiograph of an oblique position of the LS reveals that the downside pedicle and facet joint are posterior in relation to the vertebral body. What positioning changes must be made?

Back 42

Decrease rotation