Blood Vessels/immunity Test

Front 1

Tunica Internal

Back 1

Internal layer, comes in contact with blood

Front 2

Tunica Media

Back 2

Middle layer of smooth muscle, controls size of blood vessel

Front 3

Tunica Externa

Back 3

Outer layer of tough connected tissue

Front 4

Lumen

Back 4

Hollow, interior space that holds blood

Front 5

How big is the lumen of a vein

Back 5

Twice as large as the lumen of an arterie

Front 6

Divergent Vessels

Back 6

Branch out and get smaller

Front 7

Pressure Reserviors

Back 7

Briefly store pressure generated by the heart

Front 8

Deep Vessels

Back 8

Lie close to the bone

Front 9

Arterioles

Back 9

Microscopic arteries, regulate flow of blood into capillaries

Front 10

Metarteriole

Back 10

Connection between artery and vein that is always open

Front 11

Precapillary Sphincters

Back 11

Muscles that control access to the capillaries

Front 12

Capillaries

Back 12

The only place where stuff can get in and out of the blood stream.

Front 13

Site of internal gas exchange

Back 13

Where oxygen gets out of blood vessel and CO2 comes in

Front 14

Capillary beds

Back 14

Large groups of capillaries

Front 15

Leaky vessels

Back 15

Stuff is supposed to get in and out, only 1 cell layer

Front 16

Continuous

Back 16

Narrow slits between cells

Front 17

Fenestrated

Back 17

Additional pores in the capillary, very common in kidneys

Front 18

Sinusoid

Back 18

Allows large cells to get in or out of the bloodstream, found in bone marrow

Front 19

Splreen

Back 19

Removes dead or dying cells

Front 20

Venuoles

Back 20

Microscopic veins, white blood cells can get out

Front 21

Veins

Back 21

Large blood cells that carry blood cells to the heart

Front 22

Veins get ____?

Back 22

Larger as blood flows through them

Front 23

Skeletal Muscle pumps

Back 23

Active muscles compress veins, increase pressure

Front 24

Respiratory accessory pump

Back 24

Expansion of muscles in the chest

Front 25

Skeletal muscle perfusion

Back 25

Active 20-85% of cardiac output

Front 26

Heart perfusion

Back 26

Small increase of blood flow to heart with activity

Front 27

Brain perfusion

Back 27

No change in blood flow

Front 28

Kidneys + GI Tract

Back 28

Blood flow decreases with activity

Front 29

Coronary arteries

Back 29

Supply blood to the heart muscle

Front 30

Brachioephalic

Back 30

Supplies blood to the arms and head

Front 31

External cartoids

Back 31

Supply blood to the face and neck

Front 32

Internal cartoids

Back 32

Supply blood to brain and eyes

Front 33

Carotid Sinus

Back 33

Monitors blood pressure and CO2 levles in blood

Front 34

Descending thoracic aorta

Back 34

Part of aorta located in chest

Front 35

Axillary arteries

Back 35

In armpit

Front 36

Brachial arteries

Back 36

Upper arm

Front 37

Radial + Ulnar arteries

Back 37

Arms

Front 38

Celliac artery

Back 38

Supplies blood to liver, pancreas, gallbladder, blood, spleen.

Front 39

Superior Mesanteric Arteries

Back 39

Supplies blood to all of the small intestine and 2/3 of the large intestine

Front 40

Inferior Mesanteric

Back 40

Supplies blood to last third of the large intestine

Front 41

Internal illiac arteries

Back 41

Supplies blood to pelvis

Front 42

External illiac

Back 42

Supplies blood to legs

Front 43

Femoral artery

Back 43

Supplies blood to legs

Front 44

Paplitiel artery

Back 44

Supplies blood behind legs

Front 45

Tibial artery

Back 45

Lower legs

Front 46

External jugular

Back 46

Drain blood from face and neck

Front 47

Internal jugular

Back 47

Drain blood from brain and eyes

Front 48

Radial and ulmar veins

Back 48

Supply blood to lower arm

Front 49

Anterior tibial and fibular vein

Back 49

Supply blood to lower leg

Front 50

Popilitiel vein

Back 50

Drains blood from lower leg

Front 51

Femoral Vein

Back 51

Veins in the upper legs

Front 52

External illiac vein

Back 52

Drain blood from legs

Front 53

Internal illiac vein

Back 53

Drain blood from pelvis

Front 54

Common illiac veins

Back 54

Merge to form inferior venicuela

Front 55

Inferior menteric vein

Back 55

Drains blood from final third of large intestine

Front 56

Superior mesentoric

Back 56

Drains blood from 2/3 of large intestine and all of small intestine.

Front 57

Aneurysm

Back 57

A ballooned and weakened area in the artery

Front 58

HTN

Back 58

High Blood Pressure

Front 59

Essential Blood Pressure

Back 59

140/90+

Front 60

Malignant Blood Pressure

Back 60

200/120+

Front 61

Circulatory Shock

Back 61

When all of the blood vessels suddenly dilate

Front 62

Anaphylactic Shock

Back 62

Triggered by allergens

Front 63

Functions of the Lymphoid System

Back 63

-Regulate body tissue fluid

-Defend the body because it is filled with lymphohostes

-Absorption

Front 64

Lymphatic Organs

Back 64

-Liver

-Bone Marrow

-Thymus

-Spleen

Front 65

White Pulp

Back 65

Many white blood cells that remove damaged red blood cells from circulation

Front 66

Red pulp

Back 66

Store red blood cells for an emergency

Front 67

Reconditions blood

Back 67

Helps rejuvenate blood

Front 68

Kidneys

Back 68

Remove waste from blood

Front 69

Lungs

Back 69

Remove CO2 and add O2

Front 70

Lymphangitis

Back 70

Inflammation of a vessel

Front 71

Lymphedena

Back 71

Swelling due to a blocked vessel

Front 72

Lymphadenitis

Back 72

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

Front 73

Lymphoid Organs

Back 73

-Liver

-Bone Marrow

-Thymus

-Spleen

Front 74

Innate Defenses

Back 74

Work very fast, non specific

Front 75

Adaptive Defenses

Back 75

Found only in vertebrates, programmable defenses, slower. Waits until host is sick to kick in but provide lifelong immunity

Front 76

Acidic Mantle

Back 76

Sweat, other secretions

Front 77

Lacrimal Fluid

Back 77

Tears, contain anti-bodies

Front 78

Internal mucous membrane

Back 78

Skin around urinary and digestive tract

Front 79

Digestive Tract

Back 79

Living skin inside the body. Saliva has a lot of anti-bodies

Front 80

Portals of Entry

Back 80

-Oral

-Nasal

-Urethral

-Anus

-Vaginal

Front 81

Phagocytes

Back 81

White blood cells that consume pathogens

Front 82

Monocytes

Back 82

Attack paracytes

Front 83

Neutrophills

Back 83

Attack abnormal body cells

Front 84

Eosinophil

Back 84

A white blood cell containing granules that are readily stained by eosin.

Front 85

Inflammation response

Back 85

Chemical messengers released

Vasodilation

Phagocyte invasion

Front 86

Vasodilation

Back 86

Blood vessels expand, brings more blood and white blood cells

Front 87

Phagocyte invasion

Back 87

White blood cells exiting the circulatory system

Front 88

Erythema

Back 88

Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow

Front 89

Local edena

Back 89

Swelling, increased blood flow

Front 90

Specificity

Back 90

Recognizes foreign entities

Front 91

Tolerance

Back 91

Recognition of self wbcs attack body cause auto immune diseases

Front 92

Versatility

Back 92

Ability to produce matching anti-bodies to match foreign antigen

Front 93

Genetic

Back 93

Innate immunity

Front 94

Acquired

Back 94

Specific defenses for immune response

Front 95

Active immunity

Back 95

Immunity that develops due to exposure to a disease

Front 96

Passive immunity

Back 96

Borrowed from another organism

Front 97

Natural Passive immunity

Back 97

Bacteria, breast milk

Front 98

Induced passive immunity

Back 98

Vaccination

Front 99

Passive

Back 99

When you acquire a disease in your environment

Front 100

Active

Back 100

When you are given a weakened or dead pathogen

Front 101

Monocyte

Back 101

Digests a foreign antigen or virus

Front 102

When exposed to a foreign anigen a monocyte can become

Back 102

An Antogen Presenting Cell

Front 103

Activate T+B cell

Back 103

Activate nonspecific defenses

Front 104

Cytotonic T Cell

Back 104

Kill virally infected cells

Front 105

Suppressor T Cell

Back 105

Inhibit T+B cell, inhibit innate defenses

Front 106

Memory T cell

Back 106

Secondary immune response

Front 107

Blumphosytes

Back 107

Plasma B cells, only cells in the body that make anti-bodies

Front 108

Free existing pathogens

Back 108

75% of the immune response

Front 109

IgM

Back 109

Primary immune response, first exposure to disease. Blood/Tissue incompatibility. Primary immune response, slow to get started weak

Front 110

IgG

Back 110

Secondary immune response, lifelong immunity. Very fast overwhelming

Front 111

IgA

Back 111

Passive immune response

Front 112

IgE

Back 112

Allergic mutations, the strongest information responses

Front 113

Pathogenic cells

Back 113

Disease causing cells

Front 114

What percentage of bacteria are benign

Back 114

95%

Front 115

Enbacteria

Back 115

Cause disease

Front 116

Bacilli

Back 116

Oval shaped

Front 117

Cocci

Back 117

Sphere shaped

Front 118

Staghloccous

Back 118

Clusters of irregular bacteria

Front 119

Streptoccous

Back 119

Chain of bacteria

Front 120

Diploccous

Back 120

Pairs of bacteria

Front 121

Gram positive cell wall

Back 121

Resistant, thick cell wall

Front 122

Gram negative cell wall

Back 122

Thin cell wall, two membranes

Front 123

Antibiotics

Back 123

Only used to treat bacterial infections

Front 124

PCNs

Back 124

Penicillin, oldest antibiotics. All inhibit production of cell wall, makes bacteria easier to kill.

Front 125

Cephalosporins

Back 125

Poisonous to bacteria

Front 126

Macrelides

Back 126

Inhibit protein synthesis

Front 127

Quinolones

Back 127

Inhibit DNA synthesis

Front 128

Sulfonomides

Back 128

Disrupt bacteria metabolic pathways

Front 129

Capcid

Back 129

Protective protein coat

Front 130

Retroviruses

Back 130

Has some protein coat, but instead of DNA has a chunk of RNA, viruses that cause cancer

Front 131

Host tissues

Back 131

Specific tissues that are infected by a virus

Front 132

Emerging Viruses

Back 132

Capable of infecting a human and infect another human

Front 133

Antigen Shift

Back 133

Large mutation in a virus

Front 134

Fusion inhibitors

Back 134

Block entry of a virus into a cell

Front 135

Intense inhibitors

Back 135

Blocks insertion of viral DNA

Front 136

Protease Inhibitors

Back 136

Anti-viral drugs used to fight HIV/AIDS

Front 137

Neramnase inhibitors

Back 137

Lock up viruses

Front 138

Prions

Back 138

Proteins only that cause disease

Front 139

Viroids

Back 139

Naked DNA moleucules that cause disease

Front 140

Hypersensitivity

Back 140

Allergy

Front 141

Immunodeficiency diseases

Back 141

Severe combined immunou no defining syndrome

Front 142

Autoimmune diesease

Back 142

Attacking body's own cells, always triggered by an infection first