*** A&p Exam 2: Book Quiz Blood Vessels & Immunity

Front 1

List the blood vessels in the order a RBC passes through them as it leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and returns to the heart

Back 1

1. Elastic artery

2. Muscular artery

3. Arteriole

4. Venule

5. Vein

Front 2

List the structures in the order a RBC encounters them as it passes through a tissue

Back 2

1. Metarteriole

2. Thoroughfare channel

3. Precapillary sphincter

Front 3

In which vessels are elastic fibers present in the largest amounts?

Back 3

Large arteries

Front 4

Comparing and contrasting arteries and veins, veins have

Back 4

Valves, but arteries do not

Front 5

The structures that supply the walls of blood vessels with blood are

Back 5

Vaso vasorum

Front 6

Which arteries have direct connections with the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)?

Back 6

Basilar and internal carotid

Front 7

List vessels in order, from the aorta to the right hand

Back 7

1. Brachiocephalic artery

2. Subclavian artery

3. Acillary artery

4. Brachial artery

5. Radial artery

Front 8

A branch of the aorta that supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen is the

Back 8

Celiac trunk

Front 9

List the arteries in order, from the aorta to the knee

Back 9

1. Common iliac

2. External iliac

3. Femoral

4. Popliteal

Front 10

List the veins in order, from the brain to the heart

Back 10

Venous sinus

Internal jugular

Brachiocephalic

Superior vena cava

Front 11

Blood returning from the arm to the subclavian vein passes through which veins?

Back 11

Cephalic, basilic, and brachial

Front 12

List the vessels in order, from the small intestine to the inferior vena cava

Back 12

Superior mesenteric artery, hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein

Front 13

Which veins are superficial?

Back 13

Small saphenous and great saphenous

Front 14

Vascular compliance is

Back 14

The increase in vessel volume divided by the increase in vessel pressure

Front 15

The resistance to blood flow is greatest in the

Back 15

Arterioles

Front 16

Veins

Back 16

Increase their volume because of their large compliance

Front 17

Local direct control of blood flow through a tissue

Back 17

- maintains adequate rate of flow despite large changes in arterial BP

- results from relaxation and contraction of precapillary sphincters

- occurs in response to a buildup in CO2 in the tissues

- occurs in response to a decrease in O2 in the tissues

Front 18

An increase in MAP can result from

Back 18

- an increase in PR

- an increase in HR

- an increase in SV

Front 19

When blood O2 levels markedly decrease, the chemoreceptor reflex causes

Back 19

MAP to increase

Front 20

When BP is suddenly decreased a small amount (10mmHg), which mechanism is activated to restore BP to normal levels?

Back 20

Baroreceptor reflexes

Front 21

A sudden release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla

Back 21

- increases HR

- increases SV

- causes vasoconstriction in visceral blood vessels

Front 22

In response to a decrease in BP

Back 22

- ADH secretion increases

- the kidneys decrease urine production

- BV increases

Front 23

In response to a decrease in BP

Back 23

The kidneys retain more salts and water than normal

Front 24

a patient is found to have severe arteriosclerosis of the renal arteries, which has reduced renal BP. Wjat is consistent with that condition?

Back 24

Hypertension

Front 25

During exercise, the BF through skeletal muscle may increase up to 20-fold. However, the cardiac output does not increase that much. Thia occurs because of

Back 25

- vasoconstriction in the viscera

- vasoconstriction in the skin (at least temporarily)

- vasodilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels

Front 26

The lymphatic system

Back 26

- removes excess fluid from tissues

- absorbs lipids from the digestive tract

- defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substances

Front 27

Lymphatic vessels

Back 27

Empty into lymph nodes

Front 28

The tonsils

Back 28

- consist of large groups of lymphatic nodules

- protect against bacteria

- can become chronically infected

- decrease in size in adults

Front 29

Lymph nodes

Back 29

- filter lymph

- are where lymphocytes divide and increase in number

- contain a network of reticular fibers

- contain lymphatic sinuses

Front 30

What is true about the spleen?

Back 30

- the spleen has white pulp associated with arteries

- the spleen has red pulp associated with the veins

- the spleen destroys defective RBCs

- the spleen is a limited reservoir for blood

Front 31

What is not true about the spleen?

Back 31

The spleen is surrounded by trabeculae located outside the capsule

Front 32

The thymus

Back 32

Produces lymphocytes that move to other lymphatic tissue

Front 33

Give an example of innate immunity

Back 33

- tears and saliva wash away microorganisms

- basophils release histamine and leukotrienes

- neutrophils phagocytize a microorganism

- the complement cascade is activated

Front 34

Neutrophils

Back 34

Account for most of the dead cells in pus

Front 35

Macrophages

Back 35

Are large, phagocytic cells that outlive neutrophils

Front 36

Which cell is the most important in the release of histamine, which promotes inflammation?

Back 36

Mast cell

Front 37

Which occurs during the inflammatory response?

Back 37

- release of histamien and other chemical mediators

- chemotaxis of phagocytes

- increased permeability of blood vessels

- entry of fibrinogen into tissues from the blood

Front 38

Which does not occur during the inflammatory response?

Back 38

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels

Front 39

Antigens

Back 39

- are foreign substances introduced into the body

- are molecules produced by the body

- stimulate an adequate immune system response

Front 40

B cells

Back 40

Originate in red bone marrow

Front 41

MHC molecules

Back 41

- are glycoproteins

- attach to the plasma membrane

- have a variable region that can bind to foreign antigens and self antigens

- may form an MHC-antigen complex that activated T cells

Front 42

What participates in costimulation?

Back 42

- cytokines

Front 43

Helper T cells

Back 43

- respond to antigens from macrophages

- respond to cytokines from macrophages

- stimulate B cells with cytokines

Front 44

What is the most important function of tolerance?

Back 44

Prevent the immune system from responding to self antigens

Front 45

Variable amino acid sequences on the arms of the antibody molecule

Back 45

Mark the antibody specific for a given antigen

Front 46

Antibodies

Back 46

Promote phagocytosis

Front 47

The secondary antibody response

Back 47

Prevents disease symptoms from occurring

Front 48

What type of lymphocyte is responsible for the secondary antibody response?

Back 48

Memory B cell

Front 49

The largest percentage of antibodies in the blood are

Back 49

IgG

Front 50

The largest percentage of antibodies in the blood are

Back 50

IgG

Front 51

Antibody-mediated immunity

Back 51

Is responsible for immediate hypersensitivity reactions

Front 52

The activation of cytotoxic T cells can result in

Back 52

- lysis of virus infected cells

- producruin of cytokines

- production of memory T cells