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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TRUE OR FALSE: Protons and Electrons have approximately the same mass.
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FALSE. Protons and NEUTRONS have approximately the same mass.
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What is Atomic Number (Z)?
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The number of protons (if uncharged then the # of electrons as well but outside) in the nucleus.
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What is Atomic Mass?
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It is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom.
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What are Isotopes?
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Atoms of some elements that have 2+ different atomic masses.
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What is Atomic Weight?
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Atomic Weight is the weighted average of the atomic masses of the atom's naturally occurring isotopes.
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What is the Atomic Mass Unit (amu)?
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It is the mass of a proton or neutron in an atom.
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1 mole is equal to how many atoms?
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6.023e23 atoms
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What are the two main Atomic Models?
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1. Bohr atomic model
2. Wave-mechanical Model |
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What is the Bohr Atomic Model?
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It is an atomic model in which electrons are assumed to revolve around the atomic nucleus in discrete orbitals.
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What are the 2 main aspects of the Bohr Atomic Model?
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1. Electron energies are quantized (specific energy states)
2. Electrons may change energy levels |
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What is the Wave-Mechanical Model?
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Model in which the electron is considered to exhibit both wavelike and particlelike characteristics. Position is considered to be a probability of an electron's being at various locations around the nucleus.
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What is Molecular Weight equal to? (Formula)
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Mass over mole
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What are Quantum Numbers?
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A set of four numbers, the values of which are used to label possible electron states.
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What does the Principle Quantum Number (n) specify?
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Specifies shell. Usually numbers (1, 2, 3, 4...) but sometimes written as K, L, M, N...
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What is the Primary Quantum Number related to in terms of the electron and the nucleus?
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Primary Quantum Number is related to the distance of an electron from the nucleus, or its position.
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What does the Second Quantum Number (l) specify?
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Specifies subshell and is denoted by lowercase s, p, d, f
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What is the Second Quantum Number related to in terms of electrons?
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Second Quantum Number is related to the SHAPE of the electron subschell.
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What does the Third Quantum Number (m) specify?
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Specifies the number of energy states for each subschell. For s, there is one energy state, for p there is 3 energy states, d = 5 energy states and f = 7 energy states
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What does the Fourth Quantum Number specify?
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Specifies the spin moment of each electron (either up or down).
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What two values can the Fourth Quantum Number be?
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-0.5 and 0.5
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What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
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Each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have opposite spins.
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The s, p, d, and f subshells can accommodate how many electrons, respectively?
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s = 2 electrons
p = 6 electrons d = 10 electrons f = 14 electrons |
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What is Ground State?
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State in which all the electrons occupy the lowest possible energies in accord with the foregoing restrictions.
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What does the Electron Configuration represent?
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It represents the manner in which energy states are occupied.
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What are Valence Electrons?
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Electrons that fill the outermost shell
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What is the most stable electron configuration?
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When the outermost shell is completely filled.
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If the attractive and repulsive forces between two atoms are equal the atoms are said to be in what?
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Equilibrium!
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For many atoms the distance (r sub o) between them during equilibrium is what?
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0.3 nm
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What is E not?
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It is the bonding energy or the energy required to break a bond.
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What is Ionic Bonding?
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It is bonding between metals and non-metals where one atom donates electrons and the other atom accepts electrons
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In Ionic Bonding, what is the formula for the Attractive Energy?
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-A/r where A is a constant
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In Ionic Bonding, what is the formula for the Repulsive Energy?
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B/r^n where B and are constants
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What is Covalent Bonding?
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Bonding between two non-metals where atoms share electrons.
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# of covalent bonds can be determined by knowing what?
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# of valence electrons
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What is Metallic Bonding?
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Bonding between metals and their alloys in which electrons are allowed to drift creating an electron cloud.
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