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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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active immunity |
when antibodies are produced within a person |
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natural active immunity |
a person is exposed to a pathogen by chance and specific antibodies are produced against that pathogen |
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induced active immunity |
a person produces specific antibodies to a pathogen after being deliberately exposed to a pathogen via vaccine |
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vaccines |
-contain dead or attenuated microorganisms - immune system is activated due to presence of antigens in the vaccine - specific antibodies and memory cells are produced |
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herd immunity |
refers to the protection a mostly vaccinated person gives to unvaccinated groups. The protection weakens as the vaccination rate falls |
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passive immunity |
- antibodies are produced in one organism and introduced into another - no memory cells are produced so it does not give long lasting immunity |
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natural passive immmunity |
developing foetus receives antibodies from mother across the placenta and from mother's milk |
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induced passive immunity |
antibodies acquired through injection |
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antivenin |
given to a person after a snake/spider/insect bite is received. The antivenin contains specific antibodies against the venom and so the person is given immediate protection. |
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allergic response |
inappropriate immune response against normally harmless antigens |
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allergens |
a substance that causes an allergic reaction. i.e. dust, pollen, peanuts, egg etc |
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auto-immune diseases |
sometimes the ability of the immune system to recognise self from non self breaks own, the systems react as if some of the body's own cells are non cells and an immune response is triggered |
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rhesus incompability |
red blood cells may or may not have rhesus protein on their cell surface rhesus positive (+)- yes rhesus negative (-) - no |
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A blood type |
- A proteins - A+ (receives A+ A-, O+, O-) - A- (A-, O-) |
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B blood type |
- B proteins - B+ (B+, B-, O+, O-) - B- (B-, O-) |
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AB blood type |
- both A and B proteins - AB+ (can receive all blood types) - AB- (AB-, A-, B-, O-) |
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O blood type |
- neither A or B proteins - O+ (O+, O-) - O- (O-) |
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immune deficiency diseases |
malfunction of deficiency in one or more components of the immune system eg. AIDS |
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AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) |
infects helper T cells and to a lesser extent, macrophages |
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rejection of transplanted organs |
transplanted donor tissue will not match that of the recipient perfeclty and therefore the immune system of the recipient with react against the non-self tissue |
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plant barriers to infection (mechanical) |
cuticles and epidermal cells form an outer barrier for plants similar to the way skin does in humans - galls (layers of cork formed to stop a pathogen spreading through a plant) |
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plant barriers to infection (chemical) |
- oils that repel some insect pests are produced by plants such as lemon trees - gum is secreted to seal off infected area away from rest of the plants |
