Biology Unit 3 Nbhs

Front 1

define digestion

Back 1

breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Front 2

identify the organs of the digestive system

Back 2

Back (Definition)

Front 3

describe the 3 roles of the skeleton

Back 3

support framework and protection of organs

Front 4

what’s are the difference of ball and socket joint or hinge joint

Back 4

ball and socket 3 planes of moment

hinge 1 plane of movement

Front 5

describe the functions of ligaments

Back 5

holds bones togther at a joint

Front 6

cartilage

Back 6

allows smooth movement of a joint and acts as a shock absorber

Front 7

describe the funchfin of smooth muscle

Back 7

it’s found inside organs like the small intestines and its role is to contract to move substances through its also involuntary

Front 8

cardiac muscle

Back 8

it’s only found in the heart and it’s role is to pump blood around the body it’s also involuntary

Front 9

skeletal muscle

Back 9

it’s job is to contact to move parts of the body

Front 10

describe how skeletal muscles work in pairs to bring movement

Back 10

muscle work in pairs when one contracts the other relaxes allowing movement in one direction

Front 11

describe the role of tendons

Back 11

tendons join muscle to the bone

Front 12

identify the organs of the respiratory system

Back 12

Back (Definition)

Front 13

describe the changes wich take place in terms of if the roche and the diagram

Back 13

breathing in; the ribcage moves up and out and the diaphragm contracts

breathing out ; the ribcafe moves down and the diaphragm relaxes

Front 14

define the term pathogen and give example

Back 14

a micro organism that classes diseas eg virus

Front 15

identify methods by which pathogens can be transmitted

Back 15

air water food direct contact and indirect contact

Front 16

devine the first lines of defence for the immune system

Back 16

skin: physical

lysozyme: enzymes found in tears

stomach acid kills pathogen

luca and cilia prevent pathogens breathed in reaching lungs

Front 17

describe the role of phagocytes

Back 17

engulf pathogens and digest them

Front 18

lymphocytes

Back 18

proude antibodies to destroy pathogen

Front 19

define the e difference between non specific and specific immunity

Back 19

specific~ antibody’s are specific to a certain a pathogen

nonspecific immunity~ destroys any

Front 20

describe how vaccines provide the body with immunity to disease

Back 20

weekend pathogen is injected to your body to make memory cells so if your exposed you ahve the antibody’s

Front 21

describe the role of antibiotics

Back 21

chemicals wich kill bacteria

Front 22

describe the causes of antibiotic resistance

Back 22

over use of antibiotics

Front 23

identify the structures of the nervous system

Back 23

brain spinal cord and a large network of nerves

Front 24

identify the structure of the central nervous system

Back 24

brain and spinal cord

Front 25

describe the role of neurons

Back 25

carry electrical impulses around the body

Front 26

define the term reaction time

Back 26

time taken to react to a stimulus

Front 27

identify the structure of an eye

Back 27

cornea lens pupil iris retina optic nerve

Front 28

identify the structure of the ear and give the functiom

Back 28

ear drum

middle ear bones

cochlea

auditory nerve

semicircular canals

Front 29

what are the functions

Back 29

ear drum sound waves make it vibrate

middle ear bones amplify and transmit the vibrations from the eardrum to the cochlea

cochlea receptor cells change vibrations in the fluid into electrical signal

auditory nerve carries nerve messages from ear to brain

simicircular canals fluid filled tube to help keep your balance

Front 30

describe the rolde of water in a plant

Back 30

used in photosynthesis and helps keep them upright

Front 31

describe how root hair is suited to its function

Back 31

they have finger like projections to increases surface area to absorb water

Front 32

describe the structure and role of xylem

Back 32

dead hollow tubes wich transport water upwards

Front 33

describe the structure and role of the stomata

Back 33

tiny pores wich allow water to leave the plant and let carbon dioxide in

Front 34

identify the different type of cells found in the leaf and give their function

Back 34

the palisade mesophyll cells within the leaf are the mains site of photosynthesis

the leaf vein is to transport water minerals and sugar

stomata allow water to evaporate and allow carbon dioxide in

guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata

Front 35

define the term transpiration

Back 35

the process where water is lost by a plant through evaporation

Front 36

identify the structures within a flower and give their functions

Back 36

sepal protects the flower before it opens

nectary produces nectar

anther produce the male sex cell

petals attract insects

ovary produces the femal sex cell

sigma is where pollen lands

Front 37

define the term sexual reproduction

Back 37

the joining of genetic material of 2 organisms to produce off spring

Front 38

describe the process of pollination including the difference between wind and insect pollination

Back 38

insect: transfer of pollen by insects from the anther of on flower to the stigma of another

wind- transfer of pollen by wind from the anther to the stigma of another

Front 39

describe how seeds can be distributed by animal internal andinal external or wind

Back 39

a internal- fruit is eatin and the animals drops the seeds in feaces

external- hooks on the fruit catch on the fur of passing animals

wind - wing like structures on the fruit are blown in the wind

Front 40

describe the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction

Back 40

sexual- 2 parents varitian in offspring and involves seeds

asexuall- 1 parent the same offspring and doesn’t involve seeds

Front 41

identity and describe three different types of asexual reproduction used by plants

Back 41

runners - horizontal stem

bulbs - food store

tubers - underground food store

Front 42

define the term homeostasis

Back 42

homeostasis means keeping conditions in the body constant

Front 43

identify three factors which must be kept constant within the body

Back 43

water concentration, glucose concentration and temperature

Front 44

identify how the body gains and loses water

Back 44

gains water - eating, drinking and chemical reactions

loses water - urine, faeces, breathing and sweating

Front 45

name the organ responsible for maintaining water balance in the body

Back 45

kidney

Front 46

identify the organs of the urinary system and give their functions

Back 46

renal artery - carries blood to the kidneys

kidney - removes urea and maintains water balance

renal vein - takes blood away from the kidneys

ureter - takes urine from the kidney to the bladder

bladder - stores urine

Front 47

describe the role of nephrons

Back 47

they filter the blood

Front 48

identify the structures found within a nephron

Back 48

bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, blood capillaries, tubule, collecting duct

Front 49

describe the process of filtration and reabsorption

Back 49

filtration - blood is filtered as it flows through the glomerulus. small molecules including water, salt, urea and glucose are filtered out of the blood into the bowman’s capsule whereas blood cells and proteins are not filtered out

reabsorption - all of the glucose molecules and some of the water and salts are reabsorbed from the tubules back into the blood

Front 50

explain why it is important for mammals to maintain a constant body temperature

Back 50

so that enzymes are working at their fastest rate

Front 51

describe the steps the body take to cool down when it is too hot including sweating, hairs lying flat and vasodilation

Back 51

sweating - water in sweat is converted evaporates cooling the body

hairs lie flat - no air is trapped on the surface of the skin

vasodilation - blood vessels at the surface of the skin widen to allow heat to be lost he radiation

Front 52

describe the steps the body takes to warm up when it is too cold including hairs standing up, shivering and vosiconstriciton

Back 52

shivering - muscles contract rapidly in an attempt to generate heat

hairs stand up - layer of air is trapped which insulates the skin

vasoconstriction- blood vessels at the surface of the skin narrow to decrease hate to be lost by radiation

Front 53

give examples of voluntary responses carried out to maintain body temperature

Back 53

moving to the shade, having a cold drink, if you are too hot putting more clothes on, turning up heating

Front 54

identify the condition which results from a drop in body temperature below 35 degrees

Back 54

hypothermia

Front 55

identify the condition which reuslts from an increase in body temperature about 38 degrees as a result of infection

Back 55

fever

Front 56

identify the condition which results from an increase in body temperature above 38 degrees as a result of expose to high temperature

Back 56

heat stroke