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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is always formed in a chemical reaction |
one or more new substance |
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what are 4 signs a chemical reaction is taking place |
effervescent, precipitation, exothermic, endothermic |
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what is the difference between exothermic and endothermic |
exothermic give out heat/ gets hotter and endothermic takes in heat and gets colder |
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how does changing the temperature concentration and particle size increase the RoR ( rate of reaction) |
as any of these factors increase so does the RoR |
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describe a catalyst |
a catalyst increases the RoR but is not used up in the process |
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state where an enzyme and a catalyst converter are found |
enzyme/ biological catalyst in body catalyst converter / in engines to prevent harmful gasses |
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explain how to make a fair test |
using the same temperature, concentration, volume |
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what is the formula for finding the rate of reaction |
average rate = change in quantity |
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what is meant by an atom molecule and compound |
atom= simplest form of a substance molecule= made up of 2 or more atoms chemically bonded compound = 2 or more different atoms chemically bonded |
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what is meant by an atom molecule and compound |
atom= simplest form of a substance molecule= made up of 2 or more atoms chemically bonded compound = 2 or more different atoms chemically bonded |
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covalent bonding exists between? |
non metals |
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what is meant by an atom molecule and compound |
atom= simplest form of a substance molecule= made up of 2 or more atoms chemically bonded compound = 2 or more different atoms chemically bonded |
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covalent bonding exists between? |
non metals |
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what is a covalent bond |
electrostatic attraction between both nuclei in the bond and the shared pair of electrons |
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what is meant by an atom molecule and compound |
atom= simplest form of a substance molecule= made up of 2 or more atoms chemically bonded compound = 2 or more different atoms chemically bonded |
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covalent bonding exists between? |
non metals |
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what is a covalent bond |
electrostatic attraction between both nuclei in the bond and the shared pair of electrons |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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what is a line pair of electrons |
the electrons that are not being shared |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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what is a line pair of electrons |
the electrons that are not being shared |
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what is the shape of of this molecule br-br |
linear |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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what is a line pair of electrons |
the electrons that are not being shared |
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what is the shape of of this molecule br-br |
linear |
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what is the shape of this
|
angular |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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what is a line pair of electrons |
the electrons that are not being shared |
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what is the shape of of this molecule br-br |
linear |
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what is the shape of this
|
angular |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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what is a line pair of electrons |
the electrons that are not being shared |
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what is the shape of of this molecule br-br |
linear |
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what is the shape of this
|
angular |
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what is the shape of this |
trigonal pyramidal |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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what is a line pair of electrons |
the electrons that are not being shared |
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what is the shape of of this molecule br-br |
linear |
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what is the shape of this
|
angular |
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what is the shape of this |
trigonal pyramidal |
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what shape is this |
tetrahedral |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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what is a line pair of electrons |
the electrons that are not being shared |
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what is the shape of this
|
angular |
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what is the shape of this |
trigonal pyramidal |
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what shape is this |
tetrahedral |
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what is the difference between covalent molecules and covalent networks |
so molecules are only up to 10 pairs and networks are thousands |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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what is a line pair of electrons |
the electrons that are not being shared |
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what is the shape of of this molecule br-br |
linear |
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what is the shape of this
|
angular |
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what is the shape of this |
trigonal pyramidal |
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what shape is this |
tetrahedral |
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what is the difference between covalent molecules and covalent networks |
so molecules are only up to 10 pairs and networks are thousands |
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what are 3 covalent network elements |
boron silicon and carbon |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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what is a line pair of electrons |
the electrons that are not being shared |
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what is the shape of of this molecule br-br |
linear |
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what is the shape of this
|
angular |
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what is the shape of this |
trigonal pyramidal |
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what shape is this |
tetrahedral |
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what is the difference between covalent molecules and covalent networks |
so molecules are only up to 10 pairs and networks are thousands |
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what are 3 covalent network elements |
boron silicon and carbon |
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what is ionic bonding between |
non metals and metals |
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why do non metals bond |
to achieve a full set of outer electrons |
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what is an ion |
a charged atom |
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how to draw a dot and cross diagram? |
draw your 2 atoms with the electrons as dots on one and electrons as crosses on one
over lap the outer edge so both shells have 8 available fill in the symbol in the middle |
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what is a line pair of electrons |
the electrons that are not being shared |
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what is the shape of this
|
angular |
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what is the shape of this |
trigonal pyramidal |
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what shape is this |
tetrahedral |
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what shape is this |
tetrahedral |
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what is the difference between covalent molecules and covalent networks |
so molecules are only up to 10 pairs and networks are thousands |
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what are 3 covalent network elements |
boron silicon and carbon |
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what is ionic bonding between |
non metals and metals |
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what is the process of electron transfer |
the metal transfers an electron to the non metal the now positive metal is attracted to the negative non metal |
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what is the process of electron transfer |
the metal transfers an electron to the non metal the now positive metal is attracted to the negative non metal |
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what is the charge on metals when they become ions |
it’s because positive itloses an electron |
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what is the process of electron transfer |
the metal transfers an electron to the non metal the now positive metal is attracted to the negative non metal |
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what is the charge on metals when they become ions |
it’s because positive itloses an electron |
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what is the charge on non metals |
the become negative as they gain an electron |
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what is the process of electron transfer |
the metal transfers an electron to the non metal the now positive metal is attracted to the negative non metal |
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what is the charge on metals when they become ions |
it’s because positive itloses an electron |
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what is the charge on non metals |
the become negative as they gain an electron |
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describe the structure of ionic compounds |
latice |
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what is the process of electron transfer |
the metal transfers an electron to the non metal the now positive metal is attracted to the negative non metal |
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what is the charge on metals when they become ions |
it’s because positive itloses an electron |
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what is the charge on non metals |
the become negative as they gain an electron |
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describe the structure of ionic compounds |
latice |
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what bonding exists in metallic elements |
metallic bonding |
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what is the process of electron transfer |
the metal transfers an electron to the non metal the now positive metal is attracted to the negative non metal |
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what is the charge on metals when they become ions |
it’s because positive itloses an electron |
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what is the charge on non metals |
the become negative as they gain an electron |
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describe the structure of ionic compounds |
latice |
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what bonding exists in metallic elements |
metallic bonding |
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what’s does metallic bonding invole |
outer electrons are delocilased from atoms leaving positive metal ions in a sea of atoms |
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why does metal conduct electricity in terms of outer electrons |
because the outer electrons are delocalised |
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why does metal conduct electricity in terms of outer electrons |
because the outer electrons are delocalised |
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describe the properties of covalent molecules |
the ahve low bp/mp s |
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why does metal conduct electricity in terms of outer electrons |
because the outer electrons are delocalised |
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describe the properties of covalent molecules |
the ahve low bp/mp s |
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describe the porpeties of covalent networks |
high melting and boiling points as strong bonds |
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why does metal conduct electricity in terms of outer electrons |
because the outer electrons are delocalised |
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describe the properties of covalent molecules |
the ahve low bp/mp s |
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describe the porpeties of covalent networks |
high melting and boiling points as strong bonds |
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describe ionic compounds |
high melting and boiling points |
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why does metal conduct electricity in terms of outer electrons |
because the outer electrons are delocalised |
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describe the properties of covalent molecules |
the ahve low bp/mp s |
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describe the porpeties of covalent networks |
high melting and boiling points as strong bonds |
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describe ionic compounds |
high melting and boiling points |
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describe an experiment to test the conductivity of substances |
creating a circuit and seeing if it’s lights up |
