Biology Test 2 Chapter 35

Front 1

•Each plant organ is composed of three basic types of tissue, what are they?

Back 1

dermal, vascular, and ground

Front 2

what is the general function of the dermal tissue?

Back 2

outer protective skin. Protection from pathogens and physical damge

Front 3

what is the general function of the vascular tissue?

Back 3

called the stele, central vascular cylinder

Front 4

what is the function of ground tisse?

Back 4

cells specialized for storage, photosynthesis and support

Front 5

what is the dermal tissue of nonwood plants?

Back 5

epidermis

Front 6

what is the dermal tissue of woody plants?

Back 6

periderm

Front 7

what is plant tissue that conducts the flow of watern and minerals into the plant they are dead when functionally mature?
what type of tissue is it?

Back 7

xylem, vascular

Front 8

what is the plant tisse that transports organic nutrients, it is alive and functional maturity? what type of tissue is it?

Back 8

phloem, vascular

Front 9

what is the waxy coat on the surface of leaves and stems that prevents water loss?

Back 9

cuticle

Front 10

what are the long tapered water conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants called?

Back 10

tracheid cells

Front 11

what are the cells that are only in the xylem of some vascular plants that are wider,shorter, and thinner walled?

Back 11

vessel element cells

Front 12

what ground tissue is internal to the vascular tissue in a stem?

Back 12

pith

Front 13

what ground tissue is external to the vascular tissue in a stem?

Back 13

cortex

Front 14

IN gymnosperms and most eudicots, vascular bundles are arrange how?

Back 14

in a ring

Front 15

in monocot stems how are the vascular bundles arranged?

Back 15

scattered

Front 16

the xylem faces ______ toward the _________

Back 16

inward, pith

Front 17

the phloem faces______ outward, toward the _________

Back 17

outward, cortex

Front 18

what is the pore surrounded by 2 guard cells on leaves and stems that allows for gas exhange and regulates water loss called?

Back 18

stomata

Front 19

what are the two cells that regulate the opening and closing of the stomata?

Back 19

guard cells

Front 20

where is the mesophyll located? what tissue?

Back 20

ground

Front 21

what mesophyll cells are in the upper part and are long cells? what tisue are they found in?

Back 21

palisade, ground root tissue

Front 22

what mesophyll cells are loosley packed and allow for air circulation?

Back 22

spongy

Front 23

in stem Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring. Xylem faces inward toward the pith. Phloem toward the cortex and outward. what type of plant?

Back 23

gymnosperms and most eudicots

Front 24

in the stem vascular bundles re scattered in what type of plants? xylem radiates from the center in spoke, phloem is arranged in between the spokes.

Back 24

monocots

Front 25

In root which plants have the vascular cylinder in the center?

Back 25

gymnosperm, eudicots, and some monocots

Front 26

in some monocot roots vascular tissue is organized how?

Back 26

in alternating rings with ground tissue surrounding it. But it is located in the center.

Front 27

what growth continues beyond embryonic and juvenile periods?

Back 27

indeterminant

Front 28

In some plant organs such as leaves do not stop growing, what is this called?

Back 28

determinant growth

Front 29

where does indeterminant growth occur?

Back 29

meristems

Front 30

what plants completes its entire life cycle in a single year?

Back 30

annuals

Front 31

what plants that requires 2 years to complete its life cycle?

Back 31

biennials

Front 32

what plants live many years?

Back 32

perennials

Front 33

what do plants die of? old age?

Back 33

No they die of infection, drought, and trauma

Front 34

how does indeterminant growth occur?

Back 34

plsnt growth continues beyond embryonic and juvenile. Primary growth in the apical meristems (growth in length). Secondary growth in lateral meristems(adds girth)

Front 35

which growth is produced by the apical meristem ands, lengthing stems and roots?

Back 35

primary growth

Front 36

what growth is produced by lateral meristems, thickening the roots and shoots of woody plants?

Back 36

secondary growth

Front 37

does secondary growth occur in monocots?

Back 37

rarley

Front 38

what is the dome shaped mass at the tip of the terminal bud and are the tips of roots?

Back 38

apical meristem

Front 39

what adds layers of secondary xylem and phloem? what type of growth does it occur in? It is also repsonsible for thickening of a root or shoot.

Back 39

vascular cambium, secondary

Front 40

what replaces the epidermis with periderm? what type of growth does it occur in?

Back 40

cork cambium, secondary

Front 41

what type of meristems does secondary growth have?

Back 41

lateral

Front 42

decribe the 3 zones in primary growth of roots.

Back 42

cell division- apical meristem and root cap.
elongation- cells grow longer, pushing the root tip further into the ground.
Maturation- cells complete differentiation

Front 43

describe growth with in a bud.

Back 43

leaves arise from finger like projections at either side.illary buds form from meristem tissue left at the base of the leaf primordia (give rise to lateral shoots) Nodes and internodes are compacted withon the bud and elogation occurs within the internodes.

Front 44

what is it when leaves arise from finger like projections at either side?

Back 44

leaf primordia

Front 45

where is thickness produced and by what?

Back 45

occurs in older regions of gymnosperms and eudicots produced by lateral meristems

Front 46

what produces a tough thick covering?

Back 46

secondary cambium

Front 47

do cells of cork cambium continue to divide?

Back 47

no there is no increase in circumference unlike vascular cambium

Front 48

what includes all tissues external to the vascualar cambium? and what are they

Back 48

Bark, contains secondary phloam, cork cambium, older layers of periderm

Front 49

how are rings in a tree trunk created?

Back 49

in temperate climates, growth is interrupted during winter, when growth resumes, the boundary, between the new growth and the older growth appears as ring.

Front 50

why cant cork cambium continue to divide?

Back 50

the thickening of the stem or root splits the cork cambium, it looses its embryonic activity

Front 51

what happens to the older phloem?

Back 51

it sloughs off

Front 52

what are older layers of secondary xylem that are closest to the center that no longer function called?

Back 52

heartwood

Front 53

What is the new xylem in the outer layer called? it transports more sap, supplying more leaves

Back 53

sapwood

Front 54

•in tranpiration Stomata lead to a maze of internal air spaces. Describe the concentration of water here compared to in the environment. why does water exit the stomata?

Back 54

these air spaces are saturated with water becasue of contact with plant cell walls. the water exits the leaf because the air surrounding a plant is usually drier than the air spaces.

Front 55

what is it called when yoou completley remove a ring of bark around the entire circumferemence of a tree?

Back 55

girdling

Front 56

•Loss of water vapor from leaves via evaporation and diffusion creates what type of force? How is this force maintained throughout a plant? (explain cohesion and adhesion)

Back 56

Transpirattional pull. It draws water and mineral s out of the xylem (as molecules leave the air-water interface, the surface tension icnreases, creating neg. pressure). Pulls sap through the rest of the plant. Depends on adhesion of water to cellulose and cohesion of water molecules to each other.

Front 57

What causes root pressure and when is it significant?

Back 57

accumulation of mineral causes water to flow in. An upward push of xylem sap creates root pressure.significant at night

Front 58

what is it called when in the morning, root pressure can exceed transpiration- water dropletrs appear on the leaf surface.

Back 58

guttation

Front 59

Describe the regulation of stomata, be specific

Back 59

Co2 concentration: in the morning , photosynthesis depletes the amount of CO2 in the leaf which triggers the opening. The light stimulates guard cells to take upK+ and then water, become rigid.INternal clock: circadian rythyms open and close the pores every 12 hrs.

Front 60

What factors effect the density of stomata

Back 60

genetics, environment- light and Co2 concnetration during development

Front 61

Why is stomata density studied?

Back 61

atmospheric Co2 levels can be estimated based on the stomal leaf density of fossils and leaf remains.

Front 62

what is the flow of nutrients though the pholem called?

Back 62

translocation

Front 63

does traslocation always go in the same direction? describe

Back 63

Flow is varaible. sugars are allows carried from a sugar source to a sugar sink

Front 64

What is the composition of phloem sap?

Back 64

sucrose

Front 65

Give and example of a sugar source and a sugar sink

Back 65

net producer (leaves), a net concumer (growing roots, buds, stems, fruits)

Front 66

the epidermis is what type of tissue?

Back 66

dermal

Front 67

the periderm is what type of tissue?

Back 67

dermal

Front 68

the xylem and phloem are in what type of tissue?

Back 68

vascular

Front 69

the tracheid cells and vessel element cells would be found in what typeof tissue?

Back 69

vascular

Front 70

the pith and cortex would be found in what type of tissue?

Back 70

ground

Front 71

the stomata would be found in what type of tissue?

Back 71

dermal

Front 72

guard cells would be found in what type of tissue?

Back 72

dermal

Front 73

cuticle would be found in what type of tissue?

Back 73

dermal

Front 74

mesophyll would be found in what type of tissue?

Back 74

ground