Biology Lab 2 Pt 1

Front 1

The cellular process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy

Back 1

Cellular respiration

Front 2

What are the three stages of aerobic respiration?

Back 2

Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)

Front 3

Where does each stage of aerobic cellular respiration take place in the cell?

Back 3

Cytoplasm, matrix of mitochondria, inner membrane of the mitochondria

Front 4

What are the reactants of aerobic cellular respiration?

Back 4

reactants are glucose and oxygen

Front 5

What are the products of aerobic cellar respiration?

Back 5

CO2 and water

Front 6

What type of organism is yeast?

Back 6

Heterotrophic facultative anaerobe

Front 7

What is fermentation?

Back 7

Anaerobic cellular respiration that generates energy from glucose in absence of oxygen.

Front 8

What is the product of lactic acid fermentation?

Back 8

Lactate

Front 9

What are the products of alcohol fermentation?

Back 9

Ethanol and CO2

Front 10

What is the positive control in the cellular respiration lab?

Back 10

The bag with yeast and sugar

Front 11

What do we expect to occur with the bag with yeast and sugar in the cellular respiration lab?

Back 11

We expect fermentation to occur

Front 12

What is the negative control in the cellular respiration lab?

Back 12

The bag with yeast and water/ no sugar

Front 13

What do we expect to occur with the bag with yeast and water?

Back 13

We expect fermentation to not occur

Front 14

What is the experimental bag in the cellular respiration lab?

Back 14

The bag with the yeast, sugar, and boiling water

Front 15

What do we expect to happen to the experimental bag in the cellular respiration lab?

Back 15

We don't really know, that is why it is the experimental bag

Front 16

What hypothesis is supported by the cellular respiration bag?

Back 16

Boiling water prevents yeast from performing cellular respiration . It kills the yeast

Front 17

How did we make certain the air in the bags was produced by cellular respiration?

Back 17

We let out all of the air in the bags at the start of the experiment

Front 18

What are some standardized variables to the yeast fermentation bag?

Back 18

amount of yeast in bags, size of bags, temp of bags, and amount of sunlight exposure

Front 19

What is a dependent variable in the cellular respiration lab?

Back 19

amount of CO2 produced

Front 20

What were independent variables in the cellular respiration lab?

Back 20

boiling water

Front 21

This is the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water

Back 21

Photosynthesis

Front 22

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Back 22

Carbon dioxide and water

Front 23

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Back 23

Glucose and oxygen

Front 24

Where does the oxygen from photosynthesis come from?

Back 24

The splitting of water into oxygen gas and hydrogen ions

Front 25

What are the stages of photosynthesis?

Back 25

Light dependent reactions and light independent reactions (Calvin cycle )

Front 26

What happens during light dependent reactions and where does it occur?

Back 26

sunlight is used to split water to form oxygen and to produce ATP. Occurs at the thylakoid membrane

Front 27

What happens during light independent reactions (Calvin cycle) and where does it occur?

Back 27

CO2 is combined to form glucose. Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast

Front 28

What was the positive control in the photosynthesis lab?

Back 28

The bag with sunlight and baking soda

Front 29

What were the negative controls in the photosynthesis lab?

Back 29

The bag with no light and baking soda, bag with no baking soda

Front 30

What was the experimental bag in the photosynthesis lab?

Back 30

The bag with sunscreen and baking soda

Front 31

What are the two hypothesis that this experiment will answer?

Back 31

sunscreen will block the sunlight and prevent Photosynthesis from occuring, or sunscreen will not block the sunlight and Photosynthesis

Front 32

What did we do to make certain the gas in the bags were produced by photosynthesis?

Back 32

Let all air out of the bags at the start of the experiment

Front 33

What were the controlled/standardized variables if the photosynthesis lab?

Back 33

Same water in each bag, all had the same amount of leaves, all bags placed on same site

Front 34

What was the dependent variable in the photosynthesis lab?

Back 34

How many air bubbles were produced

Front 35

What was the independent variable in the photosynthesis lab?

Back 35

sunscreen

Front 36

This is the process where a single cell undergoes two divisions to produce four haploid haploid cells

Back 36

Meiosis

Front 37

In the meiosis lab, we simulated meiosis with an organism with how many chromosomes?

Back 37

6 chromosomes (3 homologous pairs)

Front 38

What did we use to represent chromosomes?

Back 38

Socks

Front 39

What happens in the s phase of Interphase?

Back 39

Centrosomes duplicate and the chromosomes duplicate

Front 40

Crossing over occurs during what?

Back 40

Prophase I

Front 41

Tetrads line up at the metaphase plate during which phase of meiosis?

Back 41

Metaphase I

Front 42

Dyads line up at the metaphase plate during which phase?

Back 42

Metaphase II

Front 43

At the end of meiosis, how many hapoid daughter cells are there?

Back 43

4 haploid daughter cells

Front 44

What represented the chromosomes in the meiosis lab?

Back 44

The socks

Front 45

What represented dyads in the meiosis lab?

Back 45

A pair of socks

Front 46

What represented the centrosome in the meiosis lab?

Back 46

The twizzlers

Front 47

What represented the centromere

Back 47

The rubber band holding the pair of socks

Front 48

He is the father of modern genetics

Back 48

Johan Gregor Mendel

Front 49

This is the study of heredity and the variation of inheritable characteristics

Back 49

Genetics

Front 50

What are the dominant phenotypes we studied in corn

Back 50

Purple and round were dominant

Front 51

What are the recessive phenotypes of the corn we studied

Back 51

Yellow and wrinkled

Front 52

This law states that in a heterozygote, the dominant trait will conceal the presence of the recessive trait for the same characteristic

Back 52

Law of dominance

Front 53

This law states that genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes, and every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur

Back 53

Law of independent assortment

Front 54

This states that for a pair of alleles, each allele must segregate equally into gametes such that offspring have an equal likelihood of inheriting either factor

Back 54

Law of Segregation

Front 55

What are the 2 possible ratios of the phenotypes when two heterozygous corn plants are crossed

Back 55

3 purple to 1 yellow, or 3 round to 1 wrinkled

Front 56

What are the 4 ratios when two corn plants are crossed that are heterozygous in both color and seed shape

Back 56

9 purple and round: 3 purple and wrinkled, 3 yellow and round: 1 yellow and wrinkled

Front 57

What is the most common reason why you do not get an exact 3:1 ratio?

Back 57

The sample size is small and there is some randomness as to which alleles get passed down

Front 58

What did we do to reduce the chances of getting misleading information in the genetics lab?

Back 58

We totaled the counts of the entire class to increase sample size