Biology Exam Ii Test Review

Front 1

The fluid behavior of the plasma membrane results primarily from the ____. (Remember the movie clip of a pin poking the cell membrane.

Back 1

Flexibility of the lipid components

Front 2

Nucleic acids indirectly

Back 2

direct protein synthesis

Front 3

In newly forming plant cells the wall that surrounds the plasma membrane is referred to as the:

Back 3

Primary cell wall

Front 4

Vesicles from the ER most likely are on their way to the

Back 4

golgi body

Front 5

Organelles involved in the synthesis of steroids and other lipids in gland cells are

Back 5

Smooth E.R.

Front 6

Resolution by the best light microscope is ultimately limited by:

Back 6

the wavelength of the light.

Front 7

Not all substances can cross the cell membrane, for this reason, the cell membrane is said to be

Back 7

Selectively permeable

Front 8

Maintains the three-dimensional structure of animal cells

Back 8

Cytoskeleton

Front 9

What cellular process involves an inward sinking of a small patch of membrane to form a cytoplasmic vesicle?

Back 9

endocytosis

Front 10

The endoplasmic reticulum:

Back 10

serves as the internal transportation system of a cell

Front 11

Water constantly moves into the freshwater protistan paramecium because the cell is ____ relative to its environment

Back 11

Hypertonic

Front 12

the cytoskeleton:

Back 12

extends between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

Front 13

four of the five listed are bound by membranes. Which is the exception?
a. ribosome b. vacuole c. lysosome d. mitochondrion e. chromoplast

Back 13

ribosome

Front 14

What is true of the transport proteins in the plasma membrane?

Back 14

they span the lipid bilayer

Front 15

A major difference between plant cell mitosis and animal cell mitosis is the absence in plant cells of:

Back 15

Centrioles

Front 16

The fluid filled sac that may store food, ions, or water in plant cells and is involved in fluid pressure is:

Back 16

central vacuole

Front 17

the capacity of a cell to exhibit movement or mobility is generally attributed to which cellular component?

Back 17

microbtubules?

Front 18

Two adjacent plant cells are held together by a cementing layer termed the:

Back 18

middle lamella

Front 19

Which type of transport across membranes will proceed naturally without energy input?

Back 19

Osmosis

Front 20

Inside the nuclear envelope the DNA in the form of fine "spread out" strands is called

Back 20

Chromatin

Front 21

cells with high energy requirements, such as muscle, tend to have many

Back 21

mitochondria

Front 22

What is a role of proteins found in eukaryotic plasma membranes:

Back 22

Regulating flow of materials through the membrane

Front 23

The ______ acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell.

Back 23

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 24

Which cellular process involves an inward sinking or a small patch of membrane to form a cytoplasmic

Back 24

endocytosis

Front 25

The system of canals, tubes, and sacs that transports molecules inside the cytoplasm is the:

Back 25

endoplasmic reticula

Front 26

in the plasma membrane, the tails of the phospholipids

Back 26

form a barrier to polar substances?

Front 27

Plasmodesmata are cell junctions that are similar in function to:

Back 27

gap junctions in animal cells

Front 28

Organelles

Back 28

separate chemical reactions in time and space. Descrete, recognizable bodies in cytoplasm. Membrane bound compartments. Typical of eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotic cells.

Front 29

The energy for flagellar movement (as in sperm swimming)

Back 29

appears to come from ATP

Front 30

the largest cytoskeletal element is the:

Back 30

microtubule

Front 31

Mitochondria typically arise by the division of existing:

Back 31

mitochondria

Front 32

Glycoproteins differ from other membrane proteins in that they:

Back 32

have chains of polysaccaride associated with them and they aid the immune system

Front 33

Which is the correct sequence of polypeptide transport in the secretory (releasing secretions) pathway?

Back 33

ribosome>>>ER>>>Golgi bodies>>>plasma membrane

Front 34

Which of the following processes does not involve formation of vesicle?
exocytosis, lysosome formation, osmosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis

Back 34

osmosis

Front 35

which of the following is/are not required for cell function?
dna, a plasma membrane, transport mechanisms to bring substances in from outside of the cell, mitochondria, ribsomes

Back 35

transport mechanisms to bring substances in from outside of the cell

Front 36

Of the objects listed, which is the smallest that you can see without the aid of a microscope?
human skin cell, ribosome, virus, DNA molecule, frog embryo

Back 36

human skin cell

Front 37

Hooke was the first to observe cells under a simple microscope in the 1600's because he was looking at:

Back 37

plant cells in which the thick cell wall was clearly visible

Front 38

the phospholipids and cholesterol that are used to form membranes are synthesized in the:

Back 38

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 39

The golgi apparatus packages materials into _____ for transport or export.

Back 39

vesicles

Front 40

What is the fate of defective or malfunctioning organelles in cells?

Back 40

They are broken down by lysosomal digestive enzymes

Front 41

the RNA in the nucleus leaves through

Back 41

nuclear pores

Front 42

Which of the following would NOT be found in one of your liver cells?
mitochondria, nuclei, peroxisomes, ribosomes, a central vacuole

Back 42

a central vacuole

Front 43

Which organelle resembles a bacterium in its size and biochemistry?

Back 43

a mitochondrion

Front 44

a gap junction

Back 44

connects the cytoplasm of two cells

Front 45

a gap junction

Back 45

connects the cytoplasm of two cells

Front 46

Most membranes incorporate are carried out by _____.

Back 46

proteins

Front 47

Plasma membranes incorporate_____.

Back 47

-adhesion proteins
-receptor proteins
-transport proteins
-recognition proteins

Front 48

Sodium ions cross a membrane through transport proteins that receive an energy boost. This is an example of ______.

Back 48

active transport

Front 49

the net movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration is described by

Back 49

diffusion

Front 50

in general the net movement of molecules in a fluid is a response to the

Back 50

concentration gradient

Front 51

A phospholipid has a phosphate-containing head and two fatty acid tails attached to a backbone of

Back 51

glycerol

Front 52

______ will diffuse across a lipid bilayer

Back 52

carbon dioxide

Front 53

Scientists demonstrated the fluidity of plasma membrane proteins by

Back 53

fusing the membranes of two different species

Front 54

An ATPase pump takes part in

Back 54

active transport

Front 55

Hydrostatic pressure is ____

Back 55

the pressure that a fluid exerts against a structure enclosing it.

Front 56

Active transport:

Back 56

-is a process whereby molecules move from an area of low concentration to one of higher concentration
-moves ions against a concentration gradient
-counteracts the process of diffusion
-involves use of energy

Front 57

Movements of individual water molecules through a cell membrane from a higher concentration toward a lower concentration is called:

Back 57

osmosis

Front 58

ATP is:

Back 58

A phosphate donor

Front 59

The organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a compartment used fro storage or transport is the:

Back 59

golgi body

Front 60

Prokaryotes:

Back 60

-are either bacteria or archeans
-have nucleoid regions
-are unicellular
-may have cell walls

Front 61

_______ is not found in any prokaryotic cell

Back 61

membrane bound organelles

Front 62

the components of membranes that account for most of a cells functions are:

Back 62

proteins

Front 63

Four of the five items listed below are organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Select the exception.
golgi body, lysosome, vacuole, mitochondrion, nucleoid

Back 63

nucleoid

Front 64

A hypothetical "microbullet" shot through a phospholipid bilayer would pass the components in which order?

Back 64

head>>>tail>>>tail>>>head

Front 65

in an attempt to visualize the fluid mosaic model of a membrane, we could describe the ____ as floating in a sea of _____.

Back 65

proteins; lipid

Front 66

which of the following affects the rate of diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane?
I. concentration gradient
II. temperature
III. molecular size

Back 66

I, II, and III

Front 67

four of the five choices listed below are characteristics of the plasma membrane. Select the exception.
lipid bilayer, hydrophobic tails, phospholipid, fluid mosaic, inert and impermeable

Back 67

inert and impermeable

Front 68

In a typical cell, the substance found in the highest percentage is:

Back 68

protein or water?

Front 69

The term cell comes from this scientists work and his description of the compartmentation he saw in thin slices of corks:

Back 69

Hooke

Front 70

What is a characteristic of all life on earth?

Back 70

-cells must take in energy
-cells must build biological molecules
-the cellular interior must be isolated from the environment
-cells must take in raw materials

Front 71

a cell without nucleoli is probably not producing:

Back 71

ribosomes

Front 72

What is the main product of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 72

proteins

Front 73

If lysosomes bursts inside a cell, the immediate result is likely to be:

Back 73

the cell will be digested from within

Front 74

Which organelle below is capable of producing its own protein?
lysosome, golgi body, microtubule, mitochondrion

Back 74

mitochondrion

Front 75

Which organelle below is capable of producing its own protein?
lysosome, dictyosome, microtubule, chloroplast

Back 75

chloroplast

Front 76

Lysosomes contain _____ enzymes

Back 76

digestive

Front 77

vessicles (little sacs) derived from the ER make their way to the _____, an organelle that functions in packaging, storage, and distribution.

Back 77

dictyosome

Front 78

which is the organelle with cristate?

Back 78

mitochondria

Front 79

the principle structural carbohydrate in plants is:

Back 79

starch or cellulose*

Front 80

The cell theory states:

Back 80

all living things consist of cells

Front 81

The primary structural difference between plant and animal cells is that most plant cells are:

Back 81

enclosed by a cell wall

Front 82

If a plant synthesizes a secondary cell wall, it is laid down:

Back 82

between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall

Front 83

which of the following consists of a nonliving substance?
cell wall, chromosome, plasma lemma, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum

Back 83

cell wall

Front 84

which of the following statements about the plant cell wall is not true?
-the cell wall enables a plant cell to survive in a hypertonic environment without bursting
-the primary cell wall is constructed so as to determine what substances can enter and leave the cell
-the middle lamella is laid down between the primary and secondary walls.
-water, air, and dissolved materials can generally move freely through the cell wall
-the secondary wall is laid down inside the primary walls.

Back 84

the middle lamella is laid down between the primary and secondary walls.

Front 85

Which of the following structures would probably be least damaged by a fat or lipid dissolving solvent?
nuclear membrane, vacuolar membrane, plasma membrane, cell wall, dictyosome

Back 85

cell wall

Front 86

the only part of a green plant that is actually green is the:

Back 86

grana of chloroplasts

Front 87

which of the following structures is not associated with chloroplasts?
double membranes, cristae, stroma, thylakoids, grana

Back 87

cristae

Front 88

the stacks of coin shaped double membranes found in chloroplasts are:

Back 88

grana

Front 89

salt is spread on clay tennis courts to kill the weeds. Based on your study of biology, how would you explain the process through which the weeds are killed?

Back 89

water diffused out of the plant cells thereby weakening or killing them by plasmolysis

Front 90

the membrane of pectin that is laid down between two daughter cells during cytokinesis is called the:

Back 90

middle lamella

Front 91

which of the following is directly involved with the process of cellular respiration?
ribosomes, mitochondria, microtubules, chloroplasts, golgi bodies

Back 91

mitochondria

Front 92

the inner layer of the mitochondrial membrane may be invaginated (infolded) to form:

Back 92

cristae

Front 93

The nucleolus consists of:

Back 93

ribosomal subunits

Front 94

the largest double membrane bound organelle is called the:

Back 94

nucleus

Front 95

the small compartmentalized structures within the cytoplasm of living cells are called:

Back 95

organelles

Front 96

cell structures that apparently function in controlling the addition of cellulose to the cell wall, in steering vesicles from golgi bodies to the cell wall, and in aiding movement within the cell are:

Back 96

microtubules

Front 97

which of the following objects found in living cells is not bound by a membrane or membranes?
nucleus, ER, dictyosomes, plastids, ribosomes

Back 97

ribosomes

Front 98

cell turgor pressure is increased when the cell is transferred to an external medium having:

Back 98

a higher concentration of water than the cell

Front 99

the shrinking of cytoplasm within a cell because of loss of water by osmosis is called:

Back 99

plasmolysis

Front 100

The little "tanks" that hold and modify cell products in this cell organelle are called

Back 100

dictyosome or cisternae

Front 101

which component in the cell membrane restricts the passage of water soluble substance?

Back 101

phospholipid

Front 102

the movement of a substance toward an area of lower concentration is called

Back 102

diffusion

Front 103

what term describes the characteristics of membranes that permit some molecules to cross the membrane while preventing others from crossing

Back 103

selective permeable

Front 104

phagocytosis is one type of _____

Back 104

endocystosis

Front 105

transport across a cells membrane that requires energy is called:

Back 105

active transport

Front 106

what is used in energy requirement?

Back 106

ATP

Front 107

Cell walls are found in:
(on test)

Back 107

plants, protists, fungi, and bacteria

Front 108

which of the following organelles is correctly matched with its function?

Back 108

diyctosome; packaging

Front 109

most of the actions or function of cell membranes are conducted by:

Back 109

proteins

Front 110

What is thought to be the descendant of engulfed ancient bacteria?
(on test)

Back 110

mitochondria

Front 111

______ is not found in plant cells.

Back 111

centrioles.

Front 112

photosynthesis is associated with all of the following except:
plastids, chloroplasts, grana, thylakoid, vacuoles

Back 112

vacuoles

Front 113

________ makes protein and puts it inside the channels of the _____.

Back 113

ribosomes; E.R.

Front 114

Lysosomes contain ____ and bud from the ______.

Back 114

digestive systems; golgi body

Front 115

light microscopes =

Back 115

1/2 wavelengths

Front 116

who invented the microscope?

Back 116

galileo

Front 117

first to describe the cell?

Back 117

Hooke

Front 118

all cells have:

Back 118

a plasma membrane

Front 119

all cells contain:

Back 119

cytoplasm (cell fluid)

Front 120

RNA is used to make what?

Back 120

protein

Front 121

cells are typically small because:

Back 121

their volumes increase at a faster rate than surface area

Front 122

in eukaryotes, the nucleus:

Back 122

isolates the DNA from 44 exposures to damaging chemical reactions occurring in the cytoplasm

Front 123

_____ travel in much shorter wavelengths than light does.

Back 123

electrons

Front 124

In addition to plasma membrane all cells begin life with _______.

Back 124

DNA and cytoplasm