Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Who with other scientists discovered that DNA is the nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next?
|
Avery
|
|
|
What 2 scientists concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA?
|
Hershey and Chase
|
|
|
What 2 scientists' model of DNA was a double helix, in which 2 strands were wound around each other?
|
Watson and Clark
|
|
|
What happens during DNA replication?
|
The DNA molecule separates into 2 strands, and then produces 2 new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template, or model, for the new strand.
|
|
|
What are the 3 main types of RNA?
|
1. messenger RNA
2. ribosomal RNA 3. transfer RNA |
|
|
What happens during transcription?
|
RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA
|
|
|
What happens during translation?
|
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
|
|
|
The process by which one strain of bacteria is apparently changed into another strain is called
|
transformation
|
|
|
Bacteriophages are
|
viruses
|
|
|
What 3 things do nucleotides contain?
|
1. a 5 carbon sugar
2. a nirtogen base 3. a phosphate group |
|
|
In prokaryotes, DNA molecules are located in the
|
cytoplasm
|
|
|
The main enzyme involved in linking individual nucleotides into DNA molecules is
|
RNA polymerase
|
|
|
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copies into a strand of RNA is called
|
transcription
|
|
|
In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular
|
amino acid
|
|
|
As scientisits tried to discover the nature of genes, what 3 critical gene functions had they identified?
|
1. carry information frome one gene to the next
2. determine heritable characteristics 3. easily copied |
|
|
Describe the component and structure of a DNA nucleotide.
|
3 componets:
1. 5 carbon sugar, deoxyribose 2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base structure: pruines- 2 ring structure that contains adenine and guanine pyrimidines- 1 ring structure that contains cytosine and thymine |
|
|
Explain how Chargaff's rules helped Watson and Crick model DNA.
|
in any sample of DNA, the pecentages of adenine and thymine as well as guanine and cytosine, are almost equal
|
|
|
What is meant by the term base pairing?
|
bonds can only form between certain pairs for ex. A=T and G = C
|
|
|
How is base pairing involved in DNA replication?
|
Carried about by enzymes that unzips the molecule of DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs. Then DNA polymerase ( the principle enzyme involved) joins individual nucleotides; "proofreads each new DNA strand
|
|
|
Describe the apearance of DNA in a typical prokaryotic cell.
|
a large single circular DNA molecule that contains nearly all of the cell's genetic information
|
|
|
Explain the process of replication.
|
During DNA replication the DNA moecule separates into 2 strands and then produces 2 new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing.
|
|
|
When a DNA molecule is replicated, how do the new molecules relate to the original molecule?
|
Each strand serves as a template for the attachment of complementary bases.
|
|
|
Describe the relationship between DNA, chromatin, histones, and nucleosomes.
|
Eukaryotic chromosomes are packed tightly with DNA and protein forming chromatin; DNA in chromotin is coiled around proteins called histones which forms a beadlike structure called a nucleosome
|
|
|
What is the difference between exons and introns?
|
introns are not involved in coding for proteins; exons are the DNA sequences that code for proteins
|
|
|
What is a codon?
|
a 3-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a a single amino acid
|
|
|
What is an anticodon?
|
Anticodon is a group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complentary to an mRNA codon.
|
|
|
How does an anticodon function?
|
???
|
|
|
If a code on a DNA molecule for a specific amino acid is CTA, what would be the messenger RNA codon? The transfer RNA anticodon?
|
???
|
|
|
Explain why controlling the proteins in an organism controls the organism's characteristics.
|
Genes code for proteins, which are able to build/operate componets of cells. Many proteins function as enzymes or structures and are able to produce the characteristics of organisms
|
