Biology 1010 Chps 1-5 Exam Summer School

Front 1

The study of life

Back 1

Biology

Front 2

The dynamics of any ecosystem depend on what two main processes?

Back 2

recycling of chemical nutrients and flow of energy.

Front 3

the level at which the properties of life emerge.

Back 3

The cell

Front 4

the lowest level of structure that can perform all activities required for life

Back 4

The cells

Front 5

All organisms are composed of _____

Back 5

cells

Front 6

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

Back 6

To regulates the passage of materials between the cell and its surroundings.

Front 7

Every cell uses ____ as its genetic information.

Back 7

DNA

Front 8

What are the two major types of cells?

Back 8

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

(Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes)

Front 9

Type of cell that is simpler and usually smaller and characteristic of bacteria.

Back 9

Prokaryotic Cells

Front 10

Type of cell subdivided by internal membranes into different functional compartments called organelles and found in plants and animals.

Back 10

Eukaryotic cell

Front 11

the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring; used by all cells

Back 11

DNA

Front 12

The chemical language of DNA is common to all organisms and consists of just four molecular building blocks with names that are abbreviated. What are they?

Back 12

Adenine - Thymine - Cytosine - Guanine

Front 13

The entire “book” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

Back 13

Genome

Front 14

______ ________ has transformed the pharmaceutical industry and extended millions of lives.

Back 14

Genetic Engineering

Front 15

What is packed in the nucleus of each human cell?

Back 15

a genome that is about 3 billion chemical letters long.

Front 16

How many species of known life have biologists identified and named?

Back 16

1.8 million

Front 17

What is the estimated total number of species on Earth?

Back 17

range from 10 million to over 100 million.

Front 18

The branch of biology that names and classifies species.

Back 18

Taxonomy

Front 19

What are The Three Domains of Life

Back 19

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Front 20

What domains of life have prokaryotic cells.

Back 20

Bacteria and Archaea

Front 21

What domains of life have eukaryotic cells?

Back 21

Eukarya

Front 22

The genetic language possessed and used by all life

Back 22

DNA

Front 23

accounts for the combination of unity and diversity of life

Back 23

Evolution

Front 24

How do we document the history of life?

Back 24

Fossils

Front 25

The evolutionary view of life came into focus in 1859 by the man who published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Who is this man?

Back 25

Charles Darwin

Front 26

Darwin’s book developed what two main points?

Back 26

Species living today descended from a succession of ancestral species in what Darwin called “descent with modification,” capturing the duality of life’s unity (descent) and diversity (modification).

Front 27

the mechanism for descent with modification.

Back 27

Natural Selection

Front 28

What caused the inspiration for Darwin's theory?

Back 28

Darwin was struck by the diversity of animals on the Galápagos Islands.

Front 29

What was Darwin's conclusion from his studies

Back 29

Unequal reproductive success aka Natural Selection

Front 30

What two observations led to Darwin's conclusion

Back 30

Observation 1: Overproduction and competition

Observation 2: Individual variation

Front 31

What is the product of Natural Selection

Back 31

Adaptation

Front 32

the mechanism of evolution.

Back 32

Natural selection

Front 33

the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals by humans.

Back 33

Artificial Selection

Front 34

Name and explain two examples of Natural Selection

Back 34

1.) In Galápagos finches, beak size becomes better suited to the size and shape of available seeds.

2.) Antibiotic-resistance in bacteria evolves in response to the overuse of antibiotics.

Front 35

the unifying theme of biology.

Back 35

Evolution

Front 36

What did science develop from?

Back 36

our curiosity about ourselves and the world around us.

Front 37

What are the two main scientific approaches?

Back 37

Discovery science which mostly describes nature.

and

Hypothesis-driven science which is mostly about explaining nature.

Front 38

what type of reasoning takes the form of “If…then” logic?

Back 38

deductive reasoning

Front 39

What is a scientific theory, and how is it different from a hypothesis?

Back 39

A scientific theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis. Theories only become widely accepted in science if they are supported by an accumulation of extensive and varied evidence.

Front 40

Includes all life and all the places where life exists

Back 40

Biosphere

Front 41

Consists of all living organisms in a particular area and all the non-living components of the environment with which life interacts.

Back 41

Ecosystem

Front 42

All organisms in an area

Back 42

community

Front 43

Groups of interacting individuals of one species within communities

Back 43

Population

Front 44

consists of a group of similar cells performing a specific function; building blocks of organs

Back 44

Tissue

Front 45

Where do cells come from

Back 45

other cells

Front 46

What should you think of when you see the 'E' in Ecosystem?

Back 46

Energy

Front 47

Why aren't fungi considered plants?

Back 47

Fungi consume decomposed material, not sunlight

Front 48

name 3 kingdoms of domain eukarya

Back 48

Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia

Front 49

What is the difference between Protists and Bacteria?

Back 49

Protists are more animal-like

Front 50

What is one major characteristic of Protists?

Back 50

They are single-celled