Biol 222 Blood

Front 1

RBC formation

Back 1

Hemopoietic stem cell

Myeloid stem cell

pro erythroblast

erythroblast

normoblast

reticulocyte

erythrocyte

Front 2

What are the nutritional requirements of erythropoiesis

Back 2

Iron and b12

Front 3

Lack of b12 causes

Back 3

pernicious anemia

Front 4

Stimuli for increasing RBCs

Back 4

low o2

high altitude

increase in exercise

Front 5

erythrocyte disorders

polycythemia

Back 5

excess of RBCs

Front 6

Anemia

Back 6

deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin

Front 7

Type A blood has

Back 7

a antigen, b antibodies

Front 8

Type B blood has

Back 8

b antigen, a antibodies

Front 9

Type AB blood has

Back 9

both a and b antigens, neither a or b antibodies

Front 10

Type O blood has

Back 10

neither a or b antigens, both a and b antibodies

Front 11

What is agglutinate?

Back 11

RBCs form clumps because of antibodies

Front 12

Universal donor?

Back 12

Type O, most common blood type

Front 13

Universal recipient?

Back 13

Type AB, rarest blood type and can receive any blood (no antibodies)

Front 14

What makes a person positive?

Back 14

if they have d antigens on RBCs

Front 15

Who has anti-d antibodies?

Back 15

Negative people but only after exposure (sensitization)

Front 16

When is a baby in danger?

Back 16

- mom and + baby, 2nd baby if mom was sensitized

Front 17

Hemostasis?

Back 17

stop bleeding

Front 18

What makes platelets?

Back 18

Megakaryocytes

Front 19

Where are platelets stored?

Back 19

spleen

Front 20

What breaks off platelets?

Back 20

pseudopods

Front 21

Platelet functions?

Back 21

secrete vasoconstrictor

stick together to form platelet plug

secrete clotting factors

attract WBCs to sites of inflame

secrete growth factors

positive feedback

Front 22

Is platelet plug permanent?

Back 22

no

Front 23

What are the steps in a clot?

Back 23

1. vascular spasm

2. platelet phase

3. coagulation phase

4. clot retraction

Front 24

Vascular spasm

Back 24

the actual cut

Front 25

Platelet phase

Back 25

the areas without prostacyclin will cause platelets to stick and form platelet plug (positive feedback)

Front 26

Coagulation phase

Back 26

formation of patch made of fibrin that remains until healed

Front 27

Steps in coagulation

Back 27

Clotting factor + calcium

Factor X

prothrombin activator

prothrombin

thrombin

fibrinogen

fibrin

clot

Front 28

Clot retraction

Back 28

edges of clot pull like a drawstring

clot dissolves once healed

Front 29

When clot heals?

Back 29

Plasminogen -> plasmin which does -> fibrinolysis

Front 30

Hemostasis

Back 30

coagulation

Front 31

facts about common pathway

Back 31

liver is producing clotting factors

vit k is involved in process

calcium as well

Front 32

Blood contains natural anticoagulants

Back 32

Heparin interferes with formation of thrombin

Front 33

Thrombocytopenia

Back 33

platelet deficiency, decrease clotting, more bleeding

Front 34

What is a thrombus?

Back 34

clot

Front 35

Embolus

Back 35

can be floating thrombus

Front 36

Pulmonary embolism

Back 36

clot breaks free, travels from veins to lungs

Front 37

Hemophilia

Back 37

hereditary

caused by deficiencies of clotting factors, increase bleeding

usually from mom

Front 38

5 types of WBC?

Back 38

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Monocyte

Lymphocyte

Front 39

Form and function of WBC?

Back 39

-nucleus, contains organelles

-capable of amoeboid movement

-can migrate out of blood stream (diapedesis)

-sensitive to chemical stimuli (chemotaxis)

-engulf pathogens (phagocytosis)

Front 40

Neutrophils

Back 40

60-70%

most abundant

"first responders"

phagocytic

Front 41

Eosinophils

Back 41

2-4%

increased number in parasitic infections and allergies

phagocytic

Front 42

Basophils

Back 42

less than 1%

role in inflammation

NOT PHAGOCYTIC

secrete histamine and heparin

Front 43

Monocytes

Back 43

3-8%

leave bloodstream and transform to macrophages

phagocytic

engulf pathogens

Front 44

Lymphocytes

Back 44

25-33%

increased # in diverse infections and immune responses

-act against specific pathogens

come from lymphoid stem cell

Front 45

Leukopenia

Back 45

low WBC

chemo

Front 46

Leukocytosis

Back 46

high WBC

infection

Front 47

Leukemia

Back 47

cancer of hemopoietic tissue, produces high number of leukocytes

Front 48

Blood is made up of what?

Back 48

Plasma- 55%

Formed elements 45%

Front 49

Plasma has?

Back 49

92% water

7% plasma proteins

1% other

Front 50

Formed elements has?

Back 50

RBC-99.9%

WBC

Platelets

Front 51

Hematocrit

Back 51

formed elements

Front 52

Plasma proteins?

Back 52

albumins

globulins

fibrinogen

they provide osmotic pressure

Front 53

what protein fills 95% of RBC

Back 53

hemoglobin

Front 54

Hemoglobin

Back 54

reversibly binds to oxygen

Front 55

Each Hb has:

Back 55

4 protein chains

2 alpha, 2 beta

4 heme, 4 iron

4 oxygens, 1 bound to each iron

Front 56

What makes blood brighter?

Back 56

heme bound to oxygen

Front 57

Oxyhemoglobin

Back 57

bound to o2

Front 58

Deoxyhemoglobin

Back 58

when o2 isn't bound

Front 59

Carbominohemoglobin

Back 59

when co2 is bound to globin

Front 60

production of blood in in babies

Back 60

in yolk sac first 8 weeks

in liver and spleen 2-5 months

in red bone marrow at 5 months

Front 61

Heme pigment...where does it go?

Back 61

biliverdin -> bilirubin -> liver and then either to kidneys and out thru urine or intestines and out thru poo