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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This is a slide of the Pituitary or Hypophysis. The Pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain in the Sella Turcica of the skull and is quite small (about 1 cm in diameter). In spite of its small size, the Pituitary is one of the most important endocrine glands in the body. The Pituitary is separated several sub-regions the most important being the Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis), the Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis), and the Intermediate Pituitary (Pars Intermedia).
A = Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis) I = Intermediate Pituitary (Pars Intermedia) N = Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis) |
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This is a higher magnification of the Anterior Pituitary.
**See the endocrine table for the hormones and functions.** |
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• This is a higher magnification of the Posterior Pituitary. Note the many nerve fibers (nf).
**See Table for hormones.** |
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This is the Adrenal Gland. There are two adrenal glands in the body - one on top of each kidney. The adrenal gland is surrounded by a capsule (Ca) and is divided into two major regions -- the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The outer cortex is subdivided into three regions 1) Zona Glomerulosa which secretes Aldosterone 2) Zona Fasiculata which secretes Cortisol and 3) Zona Reticularis which secretes Androgens.
• The Adrenal Medulla (M) secretes Epinephrine and Norepinephrine. |
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This is the Thyroid Gland. It is located in the neck region. It is distinctive because of its numerous follicles (asterisks). The follicles are surrounded by cuboidal follicular cells and contain a substance called Thyroglobulin or Colloid. The follicles produce 2 of the 3 thyroid hormone - Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). Both of these hormones require Iodine in their synthesis. Production and secretion of T3 and T4 are stimulated by Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the Anterior Pituitary. Cells outside of the follicles are called parafollicular "C" cells. These cells produce and secrete Calcitonin.
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Thyroid (magnified) in the lower right.
Upper and left of slide = parathyroid |
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Parathyroid. The Parathyroid is composed of four separated regions all located posterior to the thyroid in the neck. The asterisks is on Chief Cells which produce and secrete Parathyroid hormone.
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Pancreas. The pancreas is located posterior to the stomach. It has both an exocrine (secretes into ducts) and an endocrine (secretes into the blood) role. The exocrine pancreas (Ex) produces bicarbonate and digestive enzymes which are secreted into ducts draining into the Duodenum (proximal portion of the small intestine). The endocrine portion of the pancreas (En) is found in the Pancreatic Islets (Islets of Langerhans). Alpha cells secrete Glucagon. Beta cells secretes Insulin and Delta cells secrete Somatostatin.
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Ovary. The Ovary contains many follicles (pointers). The follicles store and give nutrition to the developing egg (oocyte)(O) and secrete the hormones Estrogen and Progesterone.
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Testis. The Testis are filled with large coiled structures called Seminiferous Tubules. Spermatogenesis (development of sperm) occurs inside the lumen of the Seminiferous Tubules. Interstitial Cells of Leydig (I) are found outside of the Seminiferous Tubules and secrete Testosterone.
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ST = Seminiferous tubules where sperm is produced
I = Interstitial cells of Leydig which produce testosterone |
