Grave’s disease, named after Robert J. Graves, is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism. In Graves’ disease, B and T lymphocyte-mediated autoimmunity are known to be directed at four well-known thyroid antigens: thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, sodium-iodide symporter and the thyrotropin receptor (source). However, the thyrotropin receptor is the main autoantigen. This autoantigen is responsible for the manifestation of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism causes the thyroid gland to produce an excessive amount of thyroxine due to antibodies. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly shaped gland found in the neck. It produces hormones, which keep organs working properly. When the thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine,
