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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Major categories of defense mechanisms of the immune system |
1. Nonspecific immunity 2. Specific immunity |
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Nonspecific immunity |
Mechanisms that react against a variety of pathogens |
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Specific immunity |
Target their activities against a specific pathogen This activity is directed against this specific pathogen only |
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Types of nonspecific mechanisms |
1. Mechanical and chemical barriers 2. Inflammation 3. Phagocytosis 4. Interferon 5. Fever |
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Types of lymphocytes associated with specific immunity |
T cells B cells |
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B cells are involved in what type of immunity? |
Anybody meditated immunity |
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T cells are involved in what type of immunity? |
Cell mediated immunity |
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Mechanical barriers of the immune system |
Mucous membrane Skin |
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Chemical barriers of the immune system |
Mucous Sebum Tears |
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Mucous |
Sticky Traps pathogens |
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Inflammation |
A group of responses to tissue irritation including redness, heat, swelling, and pain |
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Functions of inflammation |
Isolates and prevents the movement of the pathogen Stimulates speedy arrival of phagocytes |
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Histamine |
Secreted by mast cells and basophils Promotes inflammation and chemotaxis |
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Chemotaxis |
The attraction of phagocytes to the infected area |
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Where are mast cells located? |
In the loose connective tissue in your skin |
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Phagocytosis |
The ingestion and destruction of pathogens by phagocytic cells |
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What are the main phagocytic cells of the immune system? |
Neutrophils Monocytes Macrophages |
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Macrophages |
Large phagocytic cells that most commonly derive from monocytes Basically large monocytes |
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Diapedesis |
The ability of phagocytes to leave the capillaries and move into interstitial spaces |
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Interferon |
A group of proteins produced by cells in response to the presence of viruses Works by interfering with the reproduction of the viruses |
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Fever |
An increase in body temperature |
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Classes of antibodies |
IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD |
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IgG |
- 80% of antibodies - active against viruses and bacteria - activate complement enzymes |
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IgA |
- 13% of antibodies - Found in body secretions - Effective against bacteria and viruses |
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IgM |
- 6% of antibodies - Anti A and Anti B |
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IgE |
Associated with allergic reactions (accelerates inflammation) |
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IgD |
Function unknown |
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Lymphatic System |
Network of vessels that transport excess fluid away from interstitial spaces and back into blood stream |
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Lymph |
Fluid transported by the lymphatic capillaries and through the lymphatic vessels |
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Lymph nodes |
Bean shaped glands along lymphatic pathways Contain large numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages Filters pathogens from lymph |
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Tonsils |
Large lymph nodes |
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Lymphatic |
Lymph vessels and associated structures |
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Immunity |
Defense mechanisms that destroy pathogens or prevent them from entering tissues |
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Antigen |
Surface markers on pathogens |
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Antibody |
Specific plasma proteins which attack specific antigens on pathogens |
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T Cells |
Lymphocytes that develop originally in the thymus |
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B Cells |
Lymphocytes that develop in the red bone marrow |
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Cell mediated immunity |
Involves a direct attack on the pathogen by T cells |
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Antibody mediated immunity |
Involves a direct attack on the pathogen by antibodies |
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Complement enzymes |
A group of inactive enzymes in the blood plasma Antibody/antigen reactions activate these enzymes |
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Complement enzyme functions |
1. Opsinization 2. Chemotaxis 3. Increase in phagocytosis activity 4. Lysis of infected tissue cells 5. Promotes histamine release |
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Opsinization |
Making pathogens tastier to phagocytes |
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Chemotaxis |
The attraction of phagocytes to the infected area |
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Thymus |
Houses macrophages and lymphocytes Area of T cell differentiation |
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Spleen |
Houses macrophages and lymphocytes Acts as a filter and a blood reservoir |
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T Helper Cell |
Identifies the antigen of the pathogen Secretes lymphockines |
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Lymphockines |
Promotes chemotaxis Increases phagocytosis |
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T Killer Cells |
AKA cytotoxic cells Secrete lymphotoxins |
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Lymphotoxins |
A special chemical that promotes lysis of infected tissue cells |
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T suppressor cells |
Call off the immune system attack |
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HIV |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Identified in 1981 |
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AIDS |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Deficiency Syndrome Typically causes death through opportunistic infection |
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