Bio Exam 2

Front 1

Genetic testing may lead to ethical issues, such as whether results should be used to determine who receives health insurance.

Back 1

True

Front 2

Which of the following is used to replace faulty DNA by introducing alleles which do not result in a genetic disorder?

Back 2

gene therapy

Front 3

Which of the following is used to detect the presence of specific genetic disorders in fetuses, newborns, children, and adults?

Back 3

genetic testing

Front 4

Which of the following is used to ensure absence of a specific genetic disorder through selection of embryos for in vitro fertilization?

Back 4

preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Front 5

A common feature of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, genetic testing, and gene therapy is

Back 5

the use of DNA technology to detect or treat genetic disorders.

Front 6

DNA probes are typically labeled with a radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag to locate within the genome after binding.

Back 6

True

Front 7

Gene probes locate specific DNA sequences by

Back 7

binding with the complementary sequence in a genome.

Front 8

DNA technology can be applied to prevent, detect, and treat genetic diseases.

Back 8

True

Front 9

If the gene for a genetic disorder has the DNA sequence AATCGACTACCGTA, then the DNA probe has the sequence

Back 9

TTAGCTGATGGCAT.

Front 10

DNA probes can be used to detect the alleles for

Back 10

All answers are correct.

Front 11

Cloning results in two genetically-identical cells/organisms; sexual reproduction results in genetically-different cells/organisms.

Back 11

True

Front 12

Cloning and sexual reproduction result in two genetically-identical cells/organisms.

Back 12

False

Front 13

Electrophoresis is used in DNA sequencing

Back 13

to separate the DNA fragments.

Front 14

What is the correct order of steps to create a transgenic organism?

Back 14

acquire source DNA, obtain a plasmid, create recombinant DNA, insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell

Front 15

DNA technology can be used to determine how humans are related to other living organisms.

Back 15

True

Front 16

DNA technology can result in

Back 16

All answers are correct.

(cloned pets, tomatoes with an added gene that slows the rate of decay, detection of DNA at a crime scene, removal of genetic disorders)

Front 17

An example of DNA technology is

Back 17

transferring genes from a bacterium to a fish.

Front 18

DNA technology is used to

Back 18

All answers are correct

(copy DNA, sequence DNA nucleotides,

search for specific sequences of DNA, turn genes on and off)

Front 19

Stem cell technology has the potential to

Back 19

All answers are correct

(produce any type of cell in the body, replace damaged cells after an injury, replace absent or incorrect cells resulting from a genetic disease, replace absent or incorrect cells resulting from a non genetic disease)

Front 20

How can stem cells replace faulty cells in the body?

Back 20

Stem cells can be coaxed to differentiate into the needed specific cell type.

Front 21

How does DNA profiling detect genetic differences between individuals?

Back 21

uses short tandem repeats and other variable parts of the genome

Front 22

Why is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a very common tool since its invention in the 1980s?

Back 22

rapidly replicates DNA sequences without the use of living organisms

Front 23

The results of DNA sequencing are used

Back 23

All answers are correct

(to predict protein sequences.

to compare DNA sequences between humans.

to compare DNA sequences between different species

to compare DNA sequences between related extinct and extant organisms)

Front 24

Genetically-modified bacteria are responsible for producing

Back 24

All answers are correct

(human insulin to treat diabetes.

blood clotting factors to treat hemophilia.

fertility hormones for humans.

amino acid phenylalanine used in the artificial sweetener aspartame.)

Front 25

Which of the following is NOT an application of DNA technology?

Back 25

selection of desired traits in breeding

Front 26

In cloning the sheep Dolly, a nucleus was implanted into an egg that had its nucleus removed. The result of this somatic cell nuclear transfer was a(n) ____ egg.

Back 26

diploid

Front 27

Gene therapy might someday be used to treat many genetic disorders by removing faulty genes from somatic cells and replacing them with functional gene copies.

Back 27

True

Front 28

A transgenic organism is an organism that receives all of its genes from only a single parent.

Back 28

False

Front 29

In creating a transgenic organism, the ____ from one species is inserted into another species.

Back 29

DNA

Front 30

An organism that receives recombinant DNA

Back 30

is a transgenic organism.

Front 31

In meiosis II, cytokinesis results in the production of

Back 31

four haploid daughter cells.

Front 32

In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate during

Back 32

anaphase I.

Front 33

Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequences of genes for the same traits are

Back 33

homologous chromosomes.

Front 34

Natural selection is one type of mechanism for evolution; evolution is the outcome.

Back 34

True

Front 35

"Survival of the fittest" refers to

Back 35

All answers are correct.

(natural selection, selection of organisms with high reproductive contribution to the next generation, selection of individuals with traits that increase fitness, higher allele frequencies of individuals best fit for the current environmental conditions in the next generation)

Front 36

Evolution must include a change in

Back 36

the gene pool of a population.

Front 37

Evolution occurs

Back 37

over generations.

Front 38

Sexual selection is a type of natural selection resulting from variation in the ability to obtain mates.

Back 38

True

Front 39

Evolution occurs in individuals, not populations.

Back 39

False

Front 40

Darwin believed that because of "differential reproductive success" a population would change over time.

Back 40

True

Front 41

Artificial selection is responsible for many breeds of dogs and cats.

Back 41

True

Front 42

The North American bison was hunted to near-extinction in the 1800s. It has since recovered, but with decreased genetic diversity. This is an example of

Back 42

a bottleneck effect.

Front 43

The bottleneck effect

Back 43

occurs when many members of a population die, resulting in a great loss of genetic diversity.

Front 44

The founder effect

Back 44

occurs when small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves.

Front 45

Alleles conferring red plumage to cardinal males are common because red plumage

Back 45

is preferred by female cardinals in choosing a mate.

Front 46

Ancestors of the Galapagos finches had two different types of seeds to eat on some islands. Some seeds were very small, and required small beaks to handle. Other seeds were very large and required large strong beaks to crack. This led to ____ among the Galapagos finches.

Back 46

disruptive selection

Front 47

Ancestors of giraffes with shorter necks could not reach branches high up in trees for food. This led to ____ for giraffes with longer necks.

Back 47

directional selection

Front 48

Use the Hardy-Weinberg equations: p + q = 1 and p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8, then what percent of the population will be homozygous recessive?

Back 48

0.04

Front 49

If an environment changes rapidly, organisms with ____ will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

Back 49

existing beneficial mutations

Front 50

Darwin obtained which of the following in the Essay on the Principle of Population by Malthus?

Back 50

More individuals of a population are born than survive to reproduce.

Front 51

Farmers and horticulturalists bred broccoli, cauliflower, kale, and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through _____.

Back 51

artificial selection

Front 52

At Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Back 52

allele frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next so evolution does not occur.

Front 53

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will not occur in a population in which

Back 53

individuals immigrate or emigrate.

Front 54

Individuals whose red blood cells are the correct shape and are able to resist malaria have a better chance of reaching reproductive age. This is known as

Back 54

heterozygote advantage.

Front 55

An organism's phenotype is

Back 55

its observable properties.

Front 56

The entire collection of genes and their alleles is a population's

Back 56

gene pool.

Front 57

According to Darwin, natural selection usually

Back 57

preserves favorable variations and rejects harmful variations in a population.

Front 58

The scientist who published "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" in 1859 was

Back 58

Charles Darwin.

Front 59

The geologist who, in 1830, renewed the idea of uniformitarianism by showing that gradual changes in some organisms could be represented in successive fossil layers was

Back 59

Charles Lyell.

Front 60

Genetic change in a population through multiple generations defines which of the following?

Back 60

evolution

Front 61

Which of the following is used to replace faulty DNA by introducing alleles which do not result in a genetic disorder?

Back 61

gene therapy

Front 62

Which of the following is used to detect the presence of specific genetic disorders in fetuses, newborns, children, and adults?

Back 62

genetic testing

Front 63

DNA probes are typically labeled with a radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag to locate within the genome after binding.

Back 63

True

Front 64

DNA technology can be applied to prevent, detect, and treat genetic diseases.

Back 64

True

Front 65

Electrophoresis is used in DNA sequencing

Back 65

to separate the DNA fragments.

Front 66

DNA technology can be used to determine how humans are related to other living organisms.

Back 66

True

Front 67

An example of DNA technology is

Back 67

transferring genes from a bacterium to a fish.

Front 68

Growth and development of a normal cell differs from a stem cell because

Back 68

normal cells do not specialize into stem cells.

Front 69

Why is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a very common tool since its invention in the 1980s?

Back 69

rapidly replicates DNA sequences without the use of living organisms

Front 70

Which of the following is NOT an application of DNA technology?

Back 70

selection of desired traits in breeding

Front 71

The Taq _______ enzyme is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because it remains stable at high temperatures.

Back 71

DNA polymerase

Front 72

A transgenic organism is an organism that receives all of its genes from only a single parent.

Back 72

False

Front 73

In creating a transgenic organism, the ____ from one species is inserted into another species.

Back 73

DNA

Front 74

An organism that receives recombinant DNA

Back 74

is a transgenic organism.