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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What kind of fruit is split along one carpel edge?
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Follicles
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Milkweed, larkspur
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What kind of fruit is split along 2 carpel edges with seeds attached to carpel edges?
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Legumes
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Peas, beans
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What kind of fruit is not split and has a wing formed from the outer tissues?
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Samaras
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maples, elms, ashes
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What kind of fruit has a single seed enclosed in a hard pit?
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Drupes
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peaches, cherries, plums
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What kind of fruit has more than one seed and a thin skin?
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True berries
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blueberries, tomatoes, peppers, grapes
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What kind of fruit is derived from many ovaries of a single flower?
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Aggregates
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strawberries, blackberries
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What kind of fruit is developed from a cluster of flowers?
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Multiple fruits
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pineapples, mulberries
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What establishes the root-shoot axis in embryogenesis?
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Apical meristems
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What critical events happen during embryo development?
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*Establishment of a food supply
*Differentiation of ovule tissue into hard protective covering |
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In the first zygotic division, the smaller daughter cell will eventually become what?
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The embryo
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In the first zygotic division, the larger daughter cell will eventually become what?
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A suspensor
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The protoderm will become what kind of tissue?
What is its function? |
Dermal tissue
Protects plant from desiccation |
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The ground meristem will become what kind of tissue?
What is its function? |
Ground tissue
Food and water storage |
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The procambium will become what kind of tissue?
What is its function? |
Vascular tissue
To perform water and nutrient transport |
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What is morphogenesis?
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Formation of the structure of an organism or part; differentiation and growth of tissues and organs during development
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In what 4 ways are seeds adaptive?
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1)Seed can remain dormant in unfavorable conditions
2)Maximum protection is given to young plant during vulnerable stages 3)Stored food permits young plant to develop prior to photosynthesis 4)Facilitates migration of genotypes to new habitats |
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What are the 4 main kinds of fruit dispersal?
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1)Wind
2)Water 3)Animal coats 4)Animal digestive tracts |
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What is germination?
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The resumption of growth and development by a spore or seed
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What is a scutelum?
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The modified cotelydon in cereal grains
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Water moves through what areas of the plant?
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Spaces between cell protoplasts
Plasmodesmata Cell membranes Xylem |
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What are the 7 micronutrients needed by the plant?
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1)iron
2)chlorine 3)copper 4)manganese 5)zinc 6)molybdenum 7)boron |
B Mo Cu Cl Mn Zn
Bob’s Mom and Couzns Clio and Moly will manage soon |
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Which 3 macronutrients constitute 94% of the plant's dry weight?
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1)carbon
2)oxygen 3)hydrogen |
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Which 6 macronutrients constitute 1% of the plant's dry weight?
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1)nitrogen
2)potassium 3)phosphorus 4)calcium 5)magnesium 6)sulfur |
C HOPK'NS CaFé is Mighty good
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How is a hydroponic culture used to identify nutritional requirements of plants?
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1)a seedling is grown in a complete nutrient solution
2)the seedling is transplanted to a solution that lacks 1 suspected essential nutrient 3)the growth of the seedling is observed for the prescence of abnormal symptoms 4)if the seedling's growth is normals, nutrient may not be essential but, if the growth is abnormal, nutrient is essential |
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Where are most roots found?
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Topsoil
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What are 5 characteristics of a Bryophyte?
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1)highly adapted to terrestrial environments
2)gametophytes are photosynthetic 3)sporophytes are attached to, and nutritionally dependent on, gametophytes 4)require water to reproduce sexually 5)most are small |
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What 3 kinds of plants are Bryophytes?
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1)Mosses
2)Liverworts 3)Hornworts |
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What do gametophytes of mosses typically consist of?
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Small leaf-like structures arranged spirally or alternately around a stem-like axis, anchored to substrate by rhizoids
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What is the archegonia?
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A female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms
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What is the antheridia?
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A male sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms
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Mosses are especially sensitive to what kind of danger?
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Air pollution
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What division do liverworts belong to?
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Hepaticophyta
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What division do hornworts belong to?
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Anthocerotophyta
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What do vascular tissues consist of?
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Specialized cylindrical or elongated cells that form a network throughout plant
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What does the xylem conduct?
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Water and dissolved minerals upward from roots
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What does the phloem conduct?
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Sucrose and hormone signals throughout the plant
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What division do club mosses belong to?
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Lycophyta
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What are 3 characteristics about horsetails?
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*Single genus, Equisetum
*All species are homosporous *Live in damp places |
Sporophytes consist of photosynthetic stems arising from underground rhizomes
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How does the fern's life cycle differ from that of a moss?
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A)Greater development
B)Independence and dominance of fern’s Sporophyte |
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What is a frond?
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The leaf of a fern
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What is a rhizome?
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A horizontal, usually underground stem that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes
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What is a sorus (sori)?
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A cluster of sporangia borne on the underside of a fern frond
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When did seed plants first appear?
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425 million years ago
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What are 3 advantages to seed plants?
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1)drought protection
2)enhanced dispersal 3)dormant phase |
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In a gymnosperm, what rests exposed and is not completely enclosed by sporophyte tissues at time of pollination?
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The ovule
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What are the 4 groups of gymnosperms?
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1)conifers
2)cycads 3)gnetophytes 4)Ginkgo |
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What is pressure potential?
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Physical pressure resulting from water entering cell vacuole
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What is a micropyle?
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Opening in the ovule of a seed plant through which the pollen tube usually enters
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In a pine, how long is the fertilization process?
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15 months
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Which gymnosperms have vessels in their xylem?
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Gnetophytes
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What is solute (osmotic) potential?
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Smallest amount of pressure needed to stop osmosis
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What is water potential?
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Total potential energy of water in a plant
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What is root pressure?
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Movement of water into the plant and up the xylem columns despite absence of transpiration
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What protist lacks mitochondria?
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Pelomyxa
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What is a pseudopod?
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Temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding or locomotion
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What is a cyst?
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A small capsulelike sac that encloses certain organisms in their dormant or larval stage
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What is a phagotroph?
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An organism that ingests nutrients by phagocytosis
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What is an osmotroph?
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Organisms that uptake dissolved organic compounds by osmosis for nutrition
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What are the 6 ways that protists can reproduce?
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Assexual:
binary fission - equal halves budding - progeny cell smaller schizogony - multiple fission Sexual: gametic meiosis - before gametes zygotic meiosis - after fertilization intermediary meiosis - alternating |
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What are the 6 lineages of protists?
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Euglenozoa
Alveolata Stramenopila Rhodophyta Chlorophyta Choanoflagellida |
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