Bio Chapter 8

Front 1

Kinetic energy is the energy of ______:

Back 1

Motion.

Front 2

Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy:

Back 2

Potential.

Front 3

In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?

Back 3

Cellular respiration.

Front 4

What are the by-products of cellular respiration?

Back 4

Heat, carbon dioxide, and water.

Front 5

The process of cellular respiration, which converts simple sugars such as glucose into CO2 and water, is an example of _____:

Back 5

A catabolic pathway.

Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway.

Front 6

Bonds are a form of _____ energy:

Back 6

Potential energy.

Front 7

A chemical reaction in which both the reactants and products are not being produced or used in any active metabolic pathway is an example of:

Back 7

Chemical equilibrium.

Front 8

Which one of these molecules is ATP?

Back 8

The first one:

Three phosphates attached to a ribose attached to an adenine.

Front 9

What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?

Back 9

Hydrolysis.

Front 10

What type of reaction is this?

Back 10

Hydrolysis.

Front 11

The following reaction A --> B + C + heatis a(n) _____ reaction:

Back 11

Exergonic.

Energy has been released.

Front 12

What is a metabolic or chemical process accompanied by the release of heat/energy:

Back 12

Exergonic.

Front 13

What is a metabolic or chemical process accompanied by or requiring the absorption of energy, the products being of greater free energy than the reactants.

Back 13

Endergonic.

Front 14

A(n) _____ reaction occurs spontaneously:

Back 14

Exergonic.

In exergonic reactions the products have less potential energy than the reactants.

Front 15

What type of reaction requires a net input of energy from its surroundings?

Back 15

Endergonic.

The products of endergonic reactions have more potential energy than the reactants.

Front 16

The reaction ADP + P --> ATP is a(n) _____ reaction:

Back 16

Endergonic.

Energy has been acquired from the surroundings

Front 17

The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) _____ reaction:

Back 17

Exergonic.

The energy released by an exergonic reaction can be used to drive an endergonic reaction.

Front 18

What is the fate of the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP?

Back 18

It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction. By acquiring the phosphate group the reactant acquires energy.

Front 19

The products contain more potential energy than the reactants. This a(n) ________ reaction:

Back 19

Endergonic.

Front 20

This type of reaction releases heat/energy.

Back 20

Exergonic.

Front 21

What is energy coupling?

Back 21

The use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction

Front 22

Enzymes work by _____:

Back 22

Reducing EA. Energy of activation.

Front 23

What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?

Back 23

Substrate.

Front 24

What is a catabolic pathway?

Back 24

Release of energy. Breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones.

Front 25

What is an anabolic pathway?

Back 25

Consumption of energy. Building complex molecules from simpler ones.

Front 26

What is a closed system?

Back 26

Isolated from surroundings. Does not interact with other systems.

Front 27

What is an open system?

Back 27

Energy and matter can be transferred between systems and its surroundings.

Front 28

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Back 28

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Every every transfer or transformation INCREASES entropy (disorder) of the universe.

-Energy transformations proceed spontaneously to convert matter from a more ordered, less stable form to less ordered.

-No process is 100% efficient - energy is lost.

Front 29

What is phosphorylation?

Back 29

The addition of a phosphoryl group (PO3^2-)

Front 30

What is dephosphorylation?

Back 30

The removal of a phosphoryl group.

Front 31

What are the three properties of enzymes?

Back 31

1. An enzyme lowers the activation energy for a given reaction

2. An enzyme is not changed or altered.

3. Names often end with "-ase"

Front 32

What is activation energy?

Back 32

energy input required to destabilize exisiting chemical bonds and initiate a chemical reaction for both endergonic and exogonic reactions.

Front 33

Higher activation energy = _____ reaction.

Back 33

Slower.