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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amygdala |
Learning fear, initiates aggression Basolateral(Bl), Lateral (La) and Central (Ce) |
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Anterior Commissure |
Structure containing axons of cranial nerve nuclei crossing from one hemisphere to the other |
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Arbor Vitae |
White matter of cerebellum |
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Basal Nucleus of Meynert |
Location of cholinergic neurons that project to the cortices of the 4 major lobes (especially prefrontal) |
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Brain stem |
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata |
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CA1 |
Hippocampal field 1 Projects to mammillary bodies through the fimbria and fornix |
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CA2 |
Hippocampal field 2 Primary site of marijuana (THC) impairment body |
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CA3 |
Hippocampal field 3 Projects to CA1 |
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Caudate & Putamen |
Basal ganglia/nuclei (combined in rat [CPu] but separate in humans[striatum]) Involved in planning movements |
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Central Canal of Spinal Cord |
Exits posteriorly/inferiorly from 4th ventricle Has CSF |
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Cerbral Peduncle |
Contain axons of upper motor neurons |
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Cerebellum |
Balance, equilibrium, and proprioception |
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Cerebral Aqueduct |
Interconnects 3rd and 4th ventricles Has CSF |
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Cingulate Gyrus |
Highest structure belonging to the limbic system |
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Corpus Callosum |
Largest commissure in the brain Interconnects right and left hemispheres Hasgenu (anterior) and splenium (posterior) Thicker in women |
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Dentate Gyrus |
It receives axons from the entorhinal cortex and projects to CA3 Important in memory One of two places in adult brain where new neurons are born every day It is impaired by alcohol Recovery of function from binge drinking depends on the dentate gyrus |
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Entorhinal Cortex |
Posterior to piriform Receives inputs from piriform and projects to dentate gyrus Important for memory |
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External Capsule |
White matter interposed between caudate putamen and layer 6 of neocortex |
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Facial Nerve Nucleus |
Location of neuronal cell bodies whose axons comprise CN7 |
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Folia |
Little convolutions which cover the cerebellar surface |
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Fourth Ventricle |
Ventricle associated cerebellum and medulla oblongata |
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Frontal Lobe |
Motor (movement), and contains precentral gyrus and prefrontal cortex |
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Globus Palladus |
Basal ganglia that receives dopamine from substantia nigra |
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Gyrus |
Convolutions in the cerebral cortex |
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Hippocampus |
Memory consolidation, spatial navigation, plays role in emotions Damaged in Alzheimer’s and rabies Major limbic structure |
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Hypophysis |
Pituitary Gland Divided into anterior and posterior |
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Infundibulum |
Axons from neuronal cell bodies in hypothalamus (specifically supraoptic nuc and paraventricular nuc) that lead to posterior pituitary |
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Internal Capsule |
White matter with axons traveling to and from the thalamus as well as the cerebral cortex (corticies) along 3 paths |
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Lamina Quadrigemina |
Midline interconnection of inferior colliculi |
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Lateral Olfactory Tract |
Axonal connections between olfactory bulbs and piriform cortex |
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Lateral Ventricle |
Largest of 4 ventricles in the cerebrum. There are left and right lateral ventricles. All ventricles contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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3 Layers of Cerebellum |
Molecular Purkinje cell Granular |
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Layers of Neocortex |
(1) molecular (2) outer granular (3) outer pyramidal (4) inner granular (5) inner pyramidal (6) polymorphic |
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Longitudinal Fissure |
Divides cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres |
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Mammillary Bodies |
The most posterior, inferior subdivision of the hypothalamus Very important in memory Damaged by chronic alcohol and Vitamin B1 deficiency which leads to Korsakoff’s Syndrome |
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Massa Intermedia |
Mid-sagittal view of thalamus |
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Medial Septum |
Location of cholinergic neuronal cell bodies that project to Hippocampus Damaged by Alzheimer’s |
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Medulla Oblongata |
Derived from myelencephalon Contains many CN nuclei, tracts for sensory and motor nerves including the medullary pyramids, vestibular and auditory centers, cardiac center, and inspiratory center |
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Nucleus Accumbens |
Receives dopamine from Ventral Tegmental Area and oxytocin from the Supraoptic Nuclei and Paraventricular Nuclei Critical in addiction and motivated behaviors/motivation |
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Occipital Lobe |
Contains primary visual cortex |
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Olfactory Bulb |
A mini-thalamus Receives from the olfactory nerves and projects to piriform Important in smell and memory |
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Optic Chiasm |
Where the optic nerves cross giving rise to the optic tracts The medial retinal fibers cross and the lateral retinal fibers stay on same the side |
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Optic Nerves |
Contain axons from retinal ganglion cells of their respective eyes |
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Optic Tracts |
Contain axons of medial retinal fibers from opposite eye (contralateral) and lateral retinal fibers from respective eye (ipsilateral) |
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Parietal Lobe |
Peripheral body sensation such as pain, touch, temperature, vibration,or itch Contains postcentral gyrus (primary sensory cortex) |
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Pineal Body |
Makes melatonin for circadian rhythm |
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Piriform Cortex/Lobe |
Very important in memory and smell The large neurons are AKA primary olfactory neurons |
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Pons |
Means “bridge.” Contains many sensory and motor tracts going up and down spinal cord, CN nuclei, and tracts interconnecting cerebellum. |
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Postcentral Gyrus |
Primary sensory cortex Belongs to parietal lobe |
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Precentral Gyrus |
Primary motor cortex Belongs to frontal lobe |
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Prefrontal Cortex |
Highest intellectual functions (executive functions) |
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Primary Visual Cortex |
Found in occipital lobe (most posterior tip of occipital lobe) |
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Purkinje Cells |
Large, GABAergic neurons The only output neurons of the cerebellum |
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Reticular Thalamic Nucleus |
Gateway to, and part of, the thalamus (suppresses sensory information of things we typically do not notice [ex. pressure of the seat]). GABAergic (says“no”) |
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Rhinal fissure |
Indentation above piriform lobe (similar to Sylvian fissure) |
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Substantia Nigra |
Basal ganglia that projects dopamine to globus palladus and is damaged in Parkinson’s |
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Sulcus |
Shallow groves in cerebral and cerebellar corticesson |
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Superior Temporal gyrus |
Primary auditory cortex |
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Superior & Inferior Colliculi |
Together they comprise the corpora quadrigemina and roof of the midbrain Superior causes us to turn head when we see something in periphery Inferior links auditory input to visual reflexes |
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Supraoptic Nuclei & Paraventricular Nuclei |
Make oxytocin and vasopressin Axon branches (collaterals) terminate in the Posterior Pituitary, Nucleus Accumbens, and Amygdala |
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Temporal Lobe |
Hearing, memory and emotions Has primary auditory cortex (superiortemporal gyrus), amygdala, hippocampus, and piriform lobe. |
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Third Ventricle |
Ventricle associated with thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland |
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Transverse Fissure |
Divides cerebrum from cerebellum |
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Ventral Tegmental Area |
Produces dopamine which is sent along branches to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex (mesolimbic tract) |
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Olfactory Nerve |
Number: 1 Type: Sensory Function: Sense of Smell |
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Optic Nerve |
Number: 2 Type: Sensory Function: Vision |
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Oculomotor Nerve |
Number: 3 Type: Motor Function: Raise eyelids, move eyes, regulate the size of pupils, focus of lenses. |
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Trochlear Nerve |
Number: 4 Type: Motor Function: Eye movements, proprioception |
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Trigeminal Nerve |
Number: 5 Type: Mixed Function: Sensations of the head and face, chewing movements, and muscle sense. |
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Abducens Nerve |
Number: 6 Type: Motor Function: Produce movements of the eyes |
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Facial Nerve |
Number: 7 Type: Mixed Function: Facial expressions, secretion of saliva, taste. |
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve |
Number: 8 Type: Sensory Function: Balance or equilibrium sense. Hearing. |
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve |
Number: 9 Type: Mixed Function: Taste and other sensations of tongue, swallowing, secretion of saliva, aid in reflex control of blood pressure and respiration. |
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Vagus Nerve |
Number: 10 Type: Mixed Function: Transmit impulses to muscles associated with speech, swallowing, the heart, smooth muscles of visceral organs in the thorax, and abdomen. |
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Accessory Nerve |
Number:11 Type: Motor Function: Turning movements of the head, movements of the shoulder and viscera, voice production. |
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Hypoglossal Nerve |
Number:12 Type: Motor Function: Tongue movements |
