Bio 205- Quiz #3

Front 1

True or False: Fungi are Prokaryotes

Back 1

False

Front 2

True or False: Yeast are Eukaryotes

Back 2

True

Front 3

True or False: Mold are prokaryotes

Back 3

False

Front 4

True or False: Mold is unicellular

Back 4

False

Front 5

True or False: Yeast is unicellular

Back 5

True

Front 6

True or False: Yeast are round

Back 6

False

Front 7

True or False: Yeast reproduces by binary fission

Back 7

False

Front 8

True or False: Mold reproduces by asexually by spores

Back 8

True

Front 9

True or False: Yeast have a nucleus

Back 9

True

Front 10

True or False: Ringworm is caused by a yeast

Back 10

False

Front 11

True or False: Cryptococcosis is caused by a yeast

Back 11

True

Front 12

True or False: Histoplasmosis is caused by a mold

Back 12

True

Front 13

True or False: Coccidiomycosis is caused by a yeast

Back 13

False

Front 14

Gigi is a 3 month old with itchy, red, circular bald spot on her scalp. Gigi may have

Back 14

Tinea captis

Front 15

Lily has hyperpigmentation on her torso and shoulders. Lily may have:

Back 15

Tinea versicolor

Front 16

True or False: Tinea versicolor is caused by a mold

Back 16

False

Front 17

Sean has scaly, itchy, red spot on his cheeks, chin, and upper neck. The spots crust sometimes fill with pus. Sean may have:

Back 17

Tinea Barbae

Front 18

Micheal has red, raised lesions on and around his groin and buttocks. Micheal may have:

Back 18

Tinea cruris

Front 19

True or False: Dolly has round, scaly, red lesions on her body. Dolly may have Tinea Versicolor

Back 19

False

Front 20

True or False: Tinea is caused by yeast

Back 20

False

Front 21

True or False: Resistance to antifungal medications usually develops in Fungi as it does to antibiotics in bacterial populations

Back 21

False

Front 22

True or False: Mold reproduces sexually by spores

Back 22

False

Front 23

Define Infection

Back 23

Invasion or colonization of the body by a pathogenic microbe

Front 24

Define Disease

Back 24

Any change from a state of health

Front 25

Define Acute Disease

Back 25

Develops rapidly but lasts only a short time

Front 26

Define Chronic Disease

Back 26

Develops slowly and is continual or recurrent

Front 27

Define Latent Disease

Back 27

The pathogen remains inactive for a long period of time before becoming active

Front 28

Define Communicable Disease

Back 28

Any disease that spreads from one host to another host

Front 29

Define Contagious Disease

Back 29

A disease that easily spreads from one host to another host

Front 30

Define Non-Communicable Disease

Back 30

A disease that is not spread from one host to another host

Front 31

Define Epidemiology

Back 31

The study of where and when disease occurs

Front 32

Define Incidence

Back 32

The number of new cases of a disease in a given population or area during a given time period

Front 33

Define Prevalence

Back 33

The total number of cases of a disease in a given population or area during a given time period

Front 34

Define Endemic Disease

Back 34

A disease that occurs at a relatively stable frequency within a given population or area

Front 35

Define Epidemic Disease

Back 35

A disease that occurs at a greater than normal frequency for a given population or area

Front 36

Define Pandemic Disease

Back 36

An epidemic that occurs simultaneously on more than one continent

Front 37

Define Sporadic Disease

Back 37

Only a few cases of a disease occur

Front 38

Define Etiology

Back 38

The cause of infectious diseases

Front 39

What are Koch's Postulates used for?

Back 39

To determine the etiology of an infectious disease

Front 40

List Koch's postulates

Back 40

1. The same pathogen must be found in every case of the disease

2. The pathogen must be isolated and grown in pure culture

3. The pure culture must cause the same disease when it is inoculated into a healthy host

4. The pathogen must be re-isolated from the host and compared to the pure culture, they must be identical

Front 41

Define sign

Back 41

An objective manifestation of disease (can be observed by others)

Front 42

Give an example of a "sign"

Back 42

Rash, fever, swelling, vomiting

Front 43

Define Symptom

Back 43

Subjective manifestation of disease (felt only by the patient)

Front 44

Give an example of "symptom"

Back 44

Dizzy, fatigue, nausea, pain

Front 45

Define Pathogenicity

Back 45

The ability of a microbe to cause disease

Front 46

Define Virulence

Back 46

The degree of pathogenicity

Front 47

List the three Virulence Factors that increase Virulence of a Pathogen

Back 47

1. Extracellular enzymes

2. Toxins

3. Anti-phagocytic factors

Front 48

Define Virulence Toxins

Back 48

Chemicals that harm the host or trigger host immune responses that cause damage to the host

Front 49

Define Virulence Toxins

Back 49

Chemicals that harm the host or trigger host immune responses that cause damage to the host

Front 50

Name the 2 types of Virulence Toxin

Back 50

1. Exotoxin

2. Endotoxin

Front 51

Define Virulence Toxins type: Exotoxin

Back 51

Produced by some Gram+ and some Gram- bacteria that secrete into the environment where they are transported throughout the body via the bloodstream

Front 52

The gene to produce exotoxins would be on a _______ NOT in the bacterial chromosome

Back 52

Plasmid

Front 53

Define Virulence Toxins type: Endotoxin

Back 53

LPS in Gram- bacteria's outer membrane.

Front 54

Define Anti-phagocytic factors

Back 54

Decreases phagocytosis

Front 55

Do extracellular enzymes function inside or outside the bacterium?

Back 55

Outside of the bacterium

Front 56

What are the 3 types of Exotoxins

Back 56

1. Cytotoxins

2. Neurotoxins

3. Enterotoxins

Front 57

Define Cytotoxins

Back 57

Kills host cells and affect host cell function

Front 58

Define Neurotoxins

Back 58

Interferes with nerve function

Front 59

Define Enterotoxins

Back 59

Kills cells that line the GI tract

Front 60

Define Symbiosis

Back 60

2 different organisms living together

Front 61

List the 3 types of symbiosis

Back 61

1. Mutualism

2. Commenasalism

3. Parasitism

Front 62

Define Mutual Mutualism in Symbiosis

Back 62

Both organisms benefit

Front 63

Define Commensalism in Symbiosis

Back 63

One organism benefits, the other is not affected

Front 64

Define Parasitism on Symbiosis

Back 64

One organism benefits, the other organism is harmed

Front 65

Define reservoir of infectious disease

Back 65

Sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection

Front 66

List 3 reservoirs of infectious disease

Back 66

1. Animal reservoirs

2. Human Carriers

3. Non-living Reservoirs

Front 67

List 3 reservoirs of infectious disease

Back 67

1. Animal reservoirs

2. Human Carriers

3. Non-living Reservoirs

Front 68

List 2 portals of Entry for microbes

Back 68

1. Broken skin

2. Mucous membranes

Front 69

What is the most commonly used portal of entry for microbes?

Back 69

Respiratory tract

Front 70

Describe how pathogens exit their human host?

Back 70

Usually exit the same way they enter but can exit via secretion like urine, feces, nasal secretions

Front 71

Define biofilms

Back 71

Forms when bacteria adhere to surfaces in aqueous environments and begin to excrete a slimy, glue-like substance that can anchor them to a variety of materials

Front 72

Describe biofilms formation

Back 72

Having fimbrae, flagella, and a waxy wall increase the formation of biofilms

Front 73

Give examples of biofilms (5)

Back 73

1. Dental plaque

2. Cystic fibrosis patient lung infections

3. Urinary tract infections

4. Otitis media (ear infections)

5. Endocarditis of the heart valves

Front 74

List the order of stages in infectious diseases

Back 74

1. Incubation period

2. Prodromal period

3. Illness

4. Decline

5. Convalscence

Front 75

During which stage of infectious desiease are signs and symptoms the most evident

Back 75

During the Illness stage

Front 76

Define Transmission of Infectious disease

Back 76

How pathogens get from a reservoir or portal of exit to a portal of entry of a new host

Front 77

List three modes of Infectious disease

Back 77

1. Contact transmission

2. Vehicle transmission

3. Vector transmission

Front 78

What are the 3 types of Contact Transmission

Back 78

1. Direct Contact Transmission

2. Indirect Contact Transmission

3. Droplet Transmission

Front 79

Define Direct Contact Transmission

Back 79

Person to person transmission via body contact between hosts (touch, sex, kiss, handshake)

Front 80

Define Indirect Contact Transmission

Back 80

Person to person transmission via a fomite (inanimate object like tissue, money, utensils)

Front 81

Define Droplet Contact Transmission

Back 81

Person to person transmission via oral or nasal secretions (cough, sneeze, usually travels from 3 feet away)

Front 82

Name 4 types of Vehicle Transmission

Back 82

1. Airborne Transmission

2. Waterborne Transmission

3. Foodborne Transmission

4. Body Fluid Transmission

Front 83

Define Airborne Vehicle Transmission

Back 83

The pathogen travels in the air, is resistant to drying and can survive outside the host for extended periods of time. Enters via the Respiratory tract

Front 84

Define Waterborne Vehicle Transmission

Back 84

The pathogen is transmitted via contaminated water. Can be fecal contamination of water

Front 85

Define Foodborne Vehicle Transmission

Back 85

The pathogen is transmitted via poorly processed food, poor handled food

Front 86

Define Body Fluid Vehicle Transmission

Back 86

The pathogen is transmitted via blood, urine, saliva, etc.

Front 87

Name the 2 types of Vector Transmission

Back 87

1. Biological Vector

2. Mechanical Vector

Front 88

Define Biological Vector Transmission

Back 88

An arthropod actively participates in this pathogens transmission. (Mosquito, tick, flea, lice) Ex: Lyme disease and Malaria

Front 89

Define Mechanical Vector Transmission

Back 89

An arthropod passively carries the pathogen to the host. (Flies, roaches) They carry pathogens on their feet and deposit them elsewhere

Front 90

Define HAI

Back 90

Infections acquired from a Healthcare environment

Front 91

What is the most common site for HAI? (4)

Back 91

1. Catheter associated urinary tract infection (most common)

2. Central-line associated bloodstream infection

3. Pneumonia

4. C.difficile

Front 92

What can be done to reduce HAI? (8)

Back 92

1. Handwashing

2. Good housekeeping

3. Personal protective equipment

4. Using disposables

5. Disposing of contaminated materials properly.

6. Isolate patients if needed

7. Educate staff, patients, visitors

8. Use antibiotics properly

Front 93

What preventive measure can reduce HAI by 50%?

Back 93

Hand washing