Bio 151 Midterm

Front 1

Question

Back 1

Answer

Front 2

A polymer made from monomers

Back 2

Macromolecule

Front 3

Define Monosaccharide:

Back 3

Basic molecular unit (monomer) of which other carbohydrates are composed. They include the reducing sugars glucose and fructose.

Front 4

fermentation

Back 4

a catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chan and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid

Front 5

cellular respiration

Back 5

the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pahtway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel

Front 6

"Little Organs" in the cell

Back 6

Organelles

Front 7

green organelle that assists in photosynthesis

Back 7

chloroplasts

Front 8

A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight. What is the gas being collected?

Back 8

oxygen

Front 9

An example is glucose

Back 9

Carbohydrate

Front 10

found in cytoplasm and on endoplasmic reticulum - Proteins of small stuctures

Back 10

ribosomes

Front 11

An example is DNA

Back 11

Nucleic acid

Front 12

gives plants support and protects its cells

Back 12

cell wall

Front 13

Glucose formula:

Back 13

C>6H>12O>6

Front 14

Can NADH cross inner membrane?

Back 14

no

Front 15

electron transport chain

Back 15

a sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that suttle electrons during the redox reactinos that release energy used to make ATP

Front 16

folded layers of a membrane that acts as a tranportation system - moves material from one part of cell to another

Back 16

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 17

Disaccharides form when:

Back 17

2 monos are joined together.

Front 18

glycolysis

Back 18

the splitting of glucose into pyruvate; the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration

Front 19

Ecosystem

Back 19

Contains biotic and abiotic factors in an area.

Front 20

garbage disposal system for cells

Back 20

lysosomes

Front 21

If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars?

Back 21

No sugars will be produced

Front 22

acetyl CoA (acetyl conenzyme A)

Back 22

the entry compound for the Drebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme

Front 23

An example is starch

Back 23

Carbohydrate / Macromolecule

Front 24

ATP synthase

Back 24

a cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemosmosis with adjacent electron transport chans, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP; provide a port through which hydrogen ions diffuse into the matrix of a mitrochondrion

Front 25

Chloroplast

Back 25

The organelle of photosynthesis

Front 26

chemiosmosis

Back 26

An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP. Most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis

Front 27

Every living thing that resides in an area

Back 27

Community

Front 28

How do we measure the state of cytochromes if it's oxidized or reduced?

Back 28

by spectrophotometry, they have strong absorption of visible light because of iron

Front 29

How does cellular respiration release energy?

Back 29

by breaking down food molecules.

Front 30

alcohol ferementation

Back 30

the conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol

Front 31

Every area on Earth where life exists

Back 31

Biosphere

Front 32

Electrons are found in the ______ of an atom

Back 32

Energy levels

Front 33

Glycogen

Back 33

"FOrmed by the condensation of many glucose molecules.

Front 34

Found in large amounts in the liver and muscles."

Front 35

aerobic

Back 35

Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, enviornment, or cellular process that requires oxygen

Front 36

anaerobic

Back 36

Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, enviornment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.

Front 37

Cellulose:

Back 37

Made of different type of glucose called beta-glucose (like b radiation, as opposed to a (fish) glucose) - right side H and OH stick is inverted.

Front 38

end products of fermentation include

Back 38

ATP C02 ethyl alchohol

Front 39

Cellulose - function and why

Back 39

Structural molecule: Instead of curling like other polys, forms long straight chains. OH groups can then form h bonds with other chains. Chains join together to give microfibrils - these are strong and used to form cell walls of plant cells.

Front 40

How substances naturally move in a cell

Back 40

Diffusion

Front 41

DNA is the recipe for a ______.

Back 41

Protein

Front 42

Gene

Back 42

A segment of DNA that codes for a polypeptide

Front 43

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?

Back 43

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.

Front 44

How many stages does photosynthesis have? and what are they?

Back 44

2 stages: light dependent, and light independent

Front 45

How plants make glucose and oxygen

Back 45

Photosynthesis

Front 46

How organisms get energy from glucose

Back 46

Cellular respiration

Front 47

Describe the ETC

Back 47

when 2 electrons go from protein to protein, they loose energy and protein uses energy to push hydrogen through to the other side (into cytoplasm of cell and out of mitochondria). Then 34 ADP go through the synthase and create 34 ATP.

Front 48

How many ATPs does FADH and NADH make?

Back 48

FADH makes 2 ATP, while NADH makes 3 ATP.

Front 49

Describe the structure of a chloroplast.

Back 49

A chloroplast is a very simple structure. It is made of many thylakoids, which are in stacks, called grana. The thylakoids also have chlorohyll on them, which is what makes them green. The open space of a chloroplast is called the stroma.

Front 50

Glycogen

Back 50

"formed from the condensation of many glucose molecules.

Front 51

More branches than amylopectin - animals more likely to need large amounts of glucose faster."

Front 52

Glycogen - what?

Back 52

storage carb of animal cells. Large amounts in liver and muscles - lots of metabolic processes (chemical reactions) in liver means needs a lot of energy.

Front 53

Function of polysacchs:

Back 53

cellulose STRUCTURAL, others storage.

Front 54

Question

Back 54

Question

Front 55

A polymer made from monomers

Back 55

Macromolecule

Front 56

Define Monosaccharide:

Back 56

Basic molecular unit (monomer) of which other carbohydrates are composed. They include the reducing sugars glucose and fructose.

Front 57

fermentation

Back 57

a catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chan and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid

Front 58

cellular respiration

Back 58

the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pahtway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel

Front 59

"Little Organs" in the cell

Back 59

Organelles

Front 60

green organelle that assists in photosynthesis

Back 60

chloroplasts

Front 61

A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight. What is the gas being collected?

Back 61

oxygen

Front 62

An example is glucose

Back 62

Carbohydrate

Front 63

found in cytoplasm and on endoplasmic reticulum - Proteins of small stuctures

Back 63

ribosomes

Front 64

An example is DNA

Back 64

Nucleic acid

Front 65

gives plants support and protects its cells

Back 65

cell wall

Front 66

Glucose formula:

Back 66

C>6H>12O>6

Front 67

Can NADH cross inner membrane?

Back 67

no

Front 68

electron transport chain

Back 68

a sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that suttle electrons during the redox reactinos that release energy used to make ATP

Front 69

folded layers of a membrane that acts as a tranportation system - moves material from one part of cell to another

Back 69

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 70

Disaccharides form when:

Back 70

2 monos are joined together.

Front 71

glycolysis

Back 71

the splitting of glucose into pyruvate; the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration

Front 72

Ecosystem

Back 72

Contains biotic and abiotic factors in an area.

Front 73

garbage disposal system for cells

Back 73

lysosomes

Front 74

If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars?

Back 74

No sugars will be produced

Front 75

acetyl CoA (acetyl conenzyme A)

Back 75

the entry compound for the Drebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme

Front 76

An example is starch

Back 76

Carbohydrate / Macromolecule

Front 77

ATP synthase

Back 77

a cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that function in chemosmosis with adjacent electron transport chans, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP; provide a port through which hydrogen ions diffuse into the matrix of a mitrochondrion

Front 78

Chloroplast

Back 78

The organelle of photosynthesis

Front 79

chemiosmosis

Back 79

An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP. Most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis

Front 80

Every living thing that resides in an area

Back 80

Community

Front 81

How do we measure the state of cytochromes if it's oxidized or reduced?

Back 81

by spectrophotometry, they have strong absorption of visible light because of iron

Front 82

How does cellular respiration release energy?

Back 82

by breaking down food molecules.

Front 83

alcohol ferementation

Back 83

the conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol

Front 84

Every area on Earth where life exists

Back 84

Biosphere

Front 85

Electrons are found in the ______ of an atom

Back 85

Energy levels

Front 86

Glycogen

Back 86

"FOrmed by the condensation of many glucose molecules.

Front 87

aerobic

Back 87

Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, enviornment, or cellular process that requires oxygen

Front 88

anaerobic

Back 88

Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, enviornment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.

Front 89

Cellulose:

Back 89

Made of different type of glucose called beta-glucose (like b radiation, as opposed to a (fish) glucose) - right side H and OH stick is inverted.

Front 90

end products of fermentation include

Back 90

ATP C02 ethyl alchohol

Front 91

Cellulose - function and why

Back 91

Structural molecule: Instead of curling like other polys, forms long straight chains. OH groups can then form h bonds with other chains. Chains join together to give microfibrils - these are strong and used to form cell walls of plant cells.

Front 92

How substances naturally move in a cell

Back 92

Diffusion

Front 93

DNA is the recipe for a ______.

Back 93

Protein

Front 94

Gene

Back 94

A segment of DNA that codes for a polypeptide

Front 95

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?

Back 95

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.

Front 96

How many stages does photosynthesis have? and what are they?

Back 96

2 stages: light dependent, and light independent

Front 97

How plants make glucose and oxygen

Back 97

Photosynthesis

Front 98

How organisms get energy from glucose

Back 98

Cellular respiration

Front 99

Describe the ETC

Back 99

when 2 electrons go from protein to protein, they loose energy and protein uses energy to push hydrogen through to the other side (into cytoplasm of cell and out of mitochondria). Then 34 ADP go through the synthase and create 34 ATP.

Front 100

How many ATPs does FADH and NADH make?

Back 100

FADH makes 2 ATP, while NADH makes 3 ATP.

Front 101

Describe the structure of a chloroplast.

Back 101

A chloroplast is a very simple structure. It is made of many thylakoids, which are in stacks, called grana. The thylakoids also have chlorohyll on them, which is what makes them green. The open space of a chloroplast is called the stroma.

Front 102

Glycogen

Back 102

"formed from the condensation of many glucose molecules.

Front 103

Glycogen - what?

Back 103

storage carb of animal cells. Large amounts in liver and muscles - lots of metabolic processes (chemical reactions) in liver means needs a lot of energy.

Front 104

Function of polysacchs:

Back 104

cellulose STRUCTURAL, others storage.