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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psuedo replication
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replicating at the wrong level, not independent replications
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pros of field experiments
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more real world relevance, whole ecosystem
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cons of lab experiment
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limited to what can survive in lab, can't test on ecosystem lable, more precise, less general (universal/relevant)
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cons of field xperiment
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replication, resources, manipulation
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pros of lab experiment
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greater level of control (precision)
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why are controls necessary?
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baseline, results to compare your test group to
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indirect measure
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using one type of measurement to measure an otherwise unmeasurable variable
(ie, chlorophyll for plant growth) |
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What is the main problem with indirect measures?
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does a relationship between the variable measured and the variable being examined exist
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What do ecologists call plant communities that are similar morphological characteristics and physiological processes?
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biomes
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Relationship between temp/condensation/evaporation
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as temperature goes up, condensation goes down and evaporation goes up and vice versa
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What is the general rule about the amount of moisture found in air?
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warmer air can hold more moisture b/c there is more room between molecules
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How do oceans affect the temperatures of adjacent land environments?
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They act as a buffer - protect from extremes of temperature b/c the water maintains a constant temparature (more time for H20 to heat up/cooldown) than land
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Where would expect to find rainfall – on the west side or east side of the Rocky mountains?
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on the west side of the rocky mts. (from the ocean -> mts)
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What are the two major factors responsible for the distribution of biomes across earth?
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temp. and precipitatoin
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What the three fundamental parts of a ecosystem? What does each part do in relation to energy and matter?
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- plants (primary producers)
- consumers - decomposers sun is converted to usable energy by primary producers, eaten by consumers and "recycled" by decomposers into a form usable by other organisms |
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Explain the difference between net primary productivity and gross primary productivity.
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gross primary productivity - respiration = net primary productivity
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Why could the planet support many more vegetarians than strict carnivores?
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because there's less loss of energy because their food does not travel through several trophic levels
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Whatlimits primary production?
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- temp
- rainfall - seasonal effects - nutrients |
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Name one similarity and one difference between the phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen cycle.
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Phosporous does not have a gaseous state.
Carbon can be tied up in one part of the cycle for a long time (ie, in a tree) Nitrogen has fixing bacteria to make N into a useable form |
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Mutualism for plant and N-fixing bacteria
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plants get useable nitrogen and the bacteria get carbon
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Which of the following is correct?
A. Energy cannot be cycled and reused - matter can. B. Matter cannot be cycled and reused - energy can. C. Both matter and energy can be cycled and reused. D. Neither matter nor energy can be cycled and reused. |
A. Energy cannot be cycled and reused - matter can.
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What is an ecosystem nutrient budget? How was it calculated at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest?
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determine/measure amounts of nutrients stored/available in three resevoirs
were able to measure inputs/outputs in stream |
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Human effect on nitrogen
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doubled nitrogen available for primary producers (fertilizer use, etc.)
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What is nitrogen saturation and what kinds of effects does it have on both terrestrial and aquatic/marine ecosystems?
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nitrogen saturation - the point at which the ecosystem doesn't gain any benefit from the N
more monocultures - because there is no control for competition can cause hypoxic marine zones can cause excess algae growth (primary production) |
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How does nitrogen addition to the atmosphere directly and indirectly affect ecosystems?
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nitrous acid - destroys ozone, acid rain indicator, heat trapping
nitrogen monoxide - smog |
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Studies done at the community and ecosystem levels of biological organization have low _________ but high __________.
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precision, relevance
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A rainforest biome will only be present near the equator. T or F
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F - b/c elevation can mimic the effects of climate change by lat/long
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Explain why, in detail, deserts are found only at certain latitudes. Drawings may be helpful. Full credit will only be given for complete answers.
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Sun hits most directly at equator. Air sucks up moisture at 30 lat where it is hot.. gets too saturated and then rains at equator and cycle continues
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