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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enzymes are _____?
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Proteins
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Different ______ have different _____.
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Shapes; Reactions
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Enzyme speeds occur at different rates according to _____ and _____.
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pH and temperature; pH and temperature can alter an enzyme’s shape and interfere with its function (ability to catalyze a specific reaction). The correct 3-dimensional structure of the enzyme is maintained at optimum pH and temperature (active site is correct shape).
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2H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) + catalase (enzyme) → O2 (oxygen) + 2H20 (water)
What is the substrate? |
2H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)
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2H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) + catalase (enzyme) → O2 (oxygen) + 2H20 (water)
What is the product? |
O2 (oxygen) + 2H20 (water)
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Purpose of enzyme experiment?
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To find optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme catalase.
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What does a catalyst do?
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Speeds up reaction time by requiring less activation energy.
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Photosynthesis equation?
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light + energy + carbon dioxide → glucose + water + oxygen
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What test is used to identify starch in plants?
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Iodine. Black areas indicate where starch is produced/stored.
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Test tube with carbon dioxide present had the most ______ bubbles.
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Oxygen
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What colors are absorbed/rejected when you see green objects?
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Green is reflected and other wavelengths are absorbed.
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What colors are absorbed/rejected when you see red objects?
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Red is reflected and green is absorbed.
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Plant + sodium bicarb Vs. Plant + boiled H20 results?
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Plant with sodium bicarb has source of H2O, so photosynthesis occurs are oxygen bubbles are present.
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Seedlings undergo _____, meaning they use _____ to create _____?
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Respiration. oxygen; carbon dioxide.
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Seedlings turned phenol red from basic to acidic because of?
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Carbon dioxide production.
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What did the cricket experiment demonstrate?
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Rate of respiration and consumption of oxygen in respiration. Carbon dioxide absorbed by KOH (potassium chloride).
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(1) 10 ml glucose + 10 ml yeast fermentation tube “1”
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Fermentation occurs, presence of CO2 bubbles
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2) 10 ml glucose + 10 ml yeast + 5 ml 0.2 M NaF fermentation tube"2“
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Fermentation does not occur because of NaF, no bubbles
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(3) 10 ml glucose + 10 ml yeast + 5 ml 0.2 M NaF + 1.0 M MgCl2 fermentation tube "3“
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Fermentation does occur because MgCl2 cancels out NaF, CO2 bubbles are present
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(4) 10 ml glucose + 10 ml yeast + 2 ml 4.0 M KOH fermentation tube "4"
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Fermentation does occur, but KOH absorbs CO2, so there are no bubbles present
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Interphase in cells?
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- G1 phase (gathering phase)
- S phase (synthesis/ DNA replication) - G2 (growth phase) (nucleus and dark nucleolus) (normal cell function and replication) |
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Nuclear division is _____ ?
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Mitosis
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Reductive division (for gametes) is _____?
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Meiosis
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First stage of mitosis?
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o prophase – condensing of DNA and starts forming chromosomes
(lose nucleus and nucleolous and form spindle fibers) |
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Second stage of mitosis?
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o metaphase – all chromosomes line up in middle of cell
(alignment such that each chromatid is facing the poles) |
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Third stage of mitosis?
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o anaphase – spindles form and chromosomes split to chromatids
(chromatids migrate to poles) |
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Fourth stage of mitosis?
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o telophase – chromatids go to more condensed location and membrane begins to pinch
(get back nucleus and nucleolus and lose coiling) |
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Final stage of mitosis?
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Cytokinesis - division of cytoplasm
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What happens during first meiotic division?
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homologous *chromosomes separate: 2N → 1N
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What happens during second meiotic division?
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*chromatids separate
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What important events occur only in meiosis 1 prophase?
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synapses or crossing - over
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What important event occurs only in metaphase of meiosis?
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homologous chromosomes face poles
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What important event occurs only in anaphase 1 of meiosis?
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Not chromatids, chromosomes. Chromatids in anaphase 2.
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Know all blood types! Blood type is codominant.
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A, B, AB (universal acceptor) and O (universal donor) and + or - for rh factor.
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Three areas, 1 with anti - A antibodies, 2 with anti - B antibodies and 3 with anti - rh.
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If anti - A clots, A antibodies present. If anti - B clots, B antibodies are present. If anti - rh clots, Rh is present.
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Fungi; eukaryotic:
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Penicillium (arm without fist, fingers instead) and rhyzopus (arm with fist on it)
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Protista; unicellular eukaryotes:
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Amoeba and phyzarum (slime mold)
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Plantae; multicellular autotrophic eukaryote:
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Volvox and spyrogyra
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