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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Roots |
Allows plant to obtain water and minerals; anchoring in soil |
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root hairs |
small extensions off main roots; increase surface area |
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Monocots vs dicots |
* Monocots: fibrous root system
Dicots: larger main root (taproot; stores starch) o Taproot examples: carrots, turnips |
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Stems |
Above ground; support leaves and flowers |
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Terminal bud |
at tip of stem; actively lengthening |
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Axillary bud |
sides of stem; usually dormant |
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Apical dominance |
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hormones produced by terminal bud inhibit growth of axillary buds; allows growth toward light o Taller VS bushier |
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Modified stems: Runners |
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horizontal stems; asexual reproduction o ie: strawberries |
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Modified stems: Rhizomes |
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large horizontal underground stems; food storage and asexual reproduction o ie: ginger |
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Modified stems: Tubers |
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enlarged rhizomes o ie: potatoes |
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Modified stems: bulbs |
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enlarged rhizomes o ie: potatoes |
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Leaves |
Site of photosynthesis Blade: main part of leaf Petiole: joins leaf to stem (ie-celery stalk) |
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Modified leaves |
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o Tendrils: climbing * o Cactus spines: reduced surface area decreases water loss • Stomata: openings on bottom of leaves that allow for gas exchange (CO2 and O2) |
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LEAVES: MONOCOTS VS DICOTS |
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• Monocots: parallel leaf veins • Dicots: branched leaf veins |
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STRUCTURAL HEIRARCHY IN PLANT ANATOMY |
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• Atom * • Molecule (ie-starch) * • Organelle (ie-chloroplast) * • Cells (ie-tracheids) * • Tissue (vascular tissue) * • Organs (ie-root) * • Organ system (ie-root system) • Organism (plant) |
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BASIC PLANT CELL STRUCTURE |
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Distinguishing feature from animal cell: cell wall made of cellulose • Additional specialized organelles: chloroplast (site of photosynthesis) |
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Central vacuole |
o Watery solution of enzymes o Degrades and recycles molecules/organelles o Plant growth occurs due to increasing volume of vacuole o Rigidity |
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Cell types: Parenchyma |
o Most abundant o Photosynthesis, cellular respiration, gas exchange, starch storage o Can divide at maturity |
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Cell types: Collenchyma |
o Structure in actively growing plant parts o Can elongate |
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Cell types: Sclerenchyma |
o Structure in plant parts that are no longer growing o Cells dead at maturity o Additional cell wall made of lignin |
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Cell types: Tracheids |
o Water conducting cells o Long and narrow |
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Cell types: Vessel elements |
o Water conducting cells o Short and wide |
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Cell types: Sieve tube elements |
Sugar transportation |
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Cell types: companion cells |
o Assist with moving sugars to and from sieve tube elements |
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Ground Tissue |
photosynthesis, storage, support o Mesophyll: part of ground tissue system in leaves o Cortex: part of ground tissue system in roots; store food, take up water and minerals |
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Dermal Tissue |
covers plant; prevents water loss o Epidermis: single layer of tightly packed parenchyma cells o Cuticle: waxy coating on top of epidermis on leaves and stems ♣ Prevents water loss |
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Vascular Tissue |
distribution system and support o 2 types: xylem and phloem o Made of tracheids, vessel elements, sieve tube elements, companion cells and sclerenchyma o Xylem and phloem come together to form vascular bundles ♣ In monocots: bundles scattered ♣ In dicots: bundles in ring form |
