Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Genetics
|
The science of heredity
|
|
|
Who is Gregor Mendel
|
Father of genetics monk who studied inherited traits in peas. His experiments suggested that traits are determined by heredity units
|
|
|
What is F1 generation
|
Offspring from cross
|
|
|
What is F2 generation
|
Offspring from self pollinated F1
|
|
|
What is Allele
|
Variation of a gene that encodes a particular trait and has a specific location on the chromosome. Can be represented by a letter and can be dominant or recessive
|
|
|
What is Mendel's Law of Segregation
|
Each organism has two factors for each trait and each gamete contains only one factor of each pair
|
|
|
What are two identical alleles called
|
Homozygous
|
|
|
What are two different alleles
|
Heterozygous
|
|
|
What is Genotype
|
alleles, indicated by letters
|
|
|
What is Phenotype
|
Physical appearance
|
|
|
What is co-dominance
|
Both traits are expressed
|
|
|
What are are some examples of co-dominance
|
Blood type and Some flower colors
|
|
|
What is Mendels Law of Indendent Assortment
|
Each pair of factors segerates independently of the other pairs
All possible combinationsof factors can occur in the gametes |
|
|
What is testcross
|
Cross between an individual with the dominant phenotype and an individual with the recessive phenotype. The resulting phenotypic ratio indicates whether the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous
|
|
|
What is autosome
|
any chromosome other then a sex chromosome
|
|
|
What is incomplete dominance
|
exhibited when the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype between that of either homozygote
|
|
|
What is incomplete penetrance
|
Dominant alleles that are not always expressed, often for unknown reasons
|
|
|
What is Pleiotropy
|
It occurs when a single mutant gene affects two or more distinct and seemingly unrelated traits.
|
|
|
What is Multifactorial Traits
|
controlled by polygenes subject to environmental influences
|
|
|
What is the term for x-linked used for
|
genes that have nothing to do with gender and yet they are carried on the X choromosomes
|
|
|
What is Polygenic inheritance
|
a trait is governed by two or more sets of alleles
|
|
|
What is a carrier
|
Unaffected but "carry" the trait, since they are hetrozygous for a recessive disorder
|
|
|
What is the chance that two carriers of cystic fibrosis will have an affected child
|
25%
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of a chromosome disorder
|
Not inherited from a specific gene.
Mistakes during meosis, like breaks in chromosomes or duplicated chromosomes Determined by karyotyping ; visulization of chromosomes |
|
|
The sex of the offspring is by the what
|
Sex chromosomes
|
|
|
What are the females sex chromosome
|
XX
|
|
|
What is a carrier
|
Unaffected but "carry" the trait, since they are hetrozygous for a recessive disorder
|
|
|
What is the chance that two carriers of cystic fibrosis will have an affected child
|
25%
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of a chromosome disorder
|
Not inherited from a specific gene.
Mistakes during meosis, like breaks in chromosomes or duplicated chromosomes Determined by karyotyping ; visulization of chromosomes |
|
|
The sex of the offspring is by the what
|
Sex chromosomes
|
|
|
What are the females sex chromosome
|
XX
|
|
|
What is a carrier
|
Unaffected but "carry" the trait, since they are hetrozygous for a recessive disorder
|
|
|
What is the chance that two carriers of cystic fibrosis will have an affected child
|
25%
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of a chromosome disorder
|
Not inherited from a specific gene.
Mistakes during meosis, like breaks in chromosomes or duplicated chromosomes Determined by karyotyping ; visulization of chromosomes |
|
|
The sex of the offspring is by the what
|
Sex chromosomes
|
|
|
What are the females sex chromosome
|
XX
|
|
|
What are the sex chromosomes of the female
|
XX
|
|
|
What are the sex chromosomes of the males
|
XY
|
|
|
Who determines the sex of the baby
|
Males
|
|
|
What genes cause disorder
|
The X or Y
|
|
|
What are examples of disorder
that are X linked |
Colorblindness hemophila
|
|
|
Who has those conditons more
|
Males
|
|
|
What does a pedigree chart show
|
The inheirtance of a disorder in a family
|
|
|
What is the sturcture of DNA
|
Deoxyribose (Sugar), Phosphate group, Base(nitrogen-containing)
|
|
|
What are the types of bases in DNA
|
Adenine(A)
Guanine(G) Cytosine(C) Thyamine(T) |
|
|
What is Chargaff's data suggested
|
A pairs with T
G pairs with C |
|
|
In 1953, who proposed the double helix
|
James Watson and Francis Clark
|
|
|
What does a double helix resemble
|
Spiral staircase
|
|
|
What are the Telomeres
|
Repeats of short nucleotide sequences keeps ends of chromosomes from fraying to much loss of telomeres signals to stop cell division
|
|
|
What can replication errors can cause.
|
Genetic mutations
|
|
|
What is RNA
|
Similar in structure to DNA, but ribose is the sugar and Uracil(U) replaces thymine(T) of DNA
|
|
|
What are the types of RNA
|
Messenger Transfer
|
|
|
What is messenger
|
Takes genetic message from DNA in nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm
|
|
|
What is transfer
|
Transfers appropriate amino acid to ribosome.
|
|
|
What are the steps of transcription
|
DNA unzips. RNA nucleotides bind to exposed DNA. Resultsin mRNA complementary to one gene in the DNA.
|
|
|
What are the steps of translation
|
mRNA migrates to rough ER and attaches to ribosomes. tRNA binds specific amino acid the mRNA transcript. Each tRNA transfers a specific amino acid to the growing chain in the ribosome forming a protein
|
|
|
How many letters make up a codone
|
Three
|
