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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Weber: religion as a force for change > Calvinism brought capitalism as we know in the world today |
> Weber: protestant Calvinist work ethics helped bring about major changes in the form of capitalism in Europe - modern capitalism is based on the system of profit for it's own sake rather than consumption > Calvinism is similar to modern capitalism:
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Criticism of calvinism: |
× Kautsky: capitalism came first + Weber over estimates the roles of ideas and underestimates economic factors × Parkin: capitalism didn't always develop where Calvinism was e.g. late in Scotland × Marxists: capitalism predates Calvinism, came about due to technological advances × Tawney: Then bourgeoisie adapted Calvinist beliefs to legitimate their pursuit of economic gain. × Bruce and Hamilton: weber's theory lacks validity, based on assumption not evidence |
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contemporary example of religion causing capitalism |
> Jones: Confucianism: - the tiger economies: which follow Confucianism share many of the same qualities as capitalism and Calvinism and these countries are highly capitalist. |
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religion as a conservative approach |
- keeping things traditional, defending traditional customs, institutions and moral views - functions to conserve or preserve things as they are, stabilizing society and maintaining status quo |
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Religion's conservative beliefs |
oppose changes that would allow individuals more freedom in personal and sexual matters. e.g. catholic church bans contraception, abortion, divorce, homosexuality, > family values: religion favours traditional patriarchal domestic division of labour -e.g. marriage service: love honor and obey only changed since 1966 |
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Religion and social protest |
>> Steve Bruce: focuses on religiously inspired movements which aimed to change society > The American Civil rights movement:
> The new christian right: conservative values that want social change to traditional values (against abortion, gay marriage,gun control) > Bruce: × only made up 15% of the population × no consensus between religions even when campaigning on same issues × NCR lacked support, met with strong opposition -freedom of choice > Moral high ground: need to connect to mainstream beliefs about democracy, equality and freedom |
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contemporary examples of religion and social change |
> charitable groups: helping those in crisis, aid groups etc, human appeal > Figures:
> Conservative social change:
> Kibbutz: religion and equality |
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Religion's conservative functions |
religion and consensus: - functionalists: maintains social stability through value consensus as people are less likely to pursue own selfish needs. and provides relief from stresses that would otherwise disrupt society Religion and capitalism: - Marx: religion prevents social change by legitimizing or disguising social exploitation / inequality . false class consciousness prevents revolutions maintaining stability of capitalism Religion and patriarchy: - feminism: legitimates patriarchal power and maintains a women's subordination in family and wider society |
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Evaluation of religions conservative functions |
+ Feminism: religion controls women's bodies, activities and prevents them from gaining power e.g. female priesthood |
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Marxism, religion and change |
> Marxism: religion not just conservative ideology - religious ideas have relative autonomy - religion has a dual character: force for change and stabilize society • e.g. Marx: ‘the heart of a heartless world’ (provides comfort although illusory |
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Religion and social change: |
> Engels: religion can play an active role in society and lead to revolutionary social change. > religion could start as a response to exploitation and become a source of resistance and change > e.g. preaches liberation from slavery and misery |
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Engles and religion's dual character |
1. stops change by disguising social inequality
2. challenges the status quo and encourages social change
> e.g. early Christian sects opposing Roman rule and compared them to communist and socialist political movements
> Liberation theology: - merged late 60's from catholic church in Latin america - religious ideas radicalized church in defense of poor- change ideology >> helping poor part of Christian duty - Maudro: religion is a revolutionary force that brings about change
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Religion as a force for social change >> Gramsci: religion and Hegemony >> Bloch: the principal of hope |
> Gramsci & Hegemony: the way ruling class use ideas e.g. religion to maintain power and control + religion can challenge as well as support the ruling class + church/clergy can work alongside the wc as organic intellectuals aiding class consciousness > Bloch's principal of hope: religion offers an image of a perfect world (utopia) deceives people with promises in heaven + Utopia image helps people see what needs to be changed + combined with political organisation/leadership can bring about social change |