Bc 2 Purines Pyrimidines Ex 2_3

Front 1

NuleoTide vs nucleoside

Back 1

T for 3 P + sugar + Base --------- base are A-G --- GTU

Front 2

Purine vs Pyrimidine

Back 2

A-G -------------- C - U - T (wt extra CH3)

Front 3

NucleoTide function and synthesis

Back 3

DNA-RNA ----- A-G-C-U-TP ------- N-F-AD- CoA ---------- UDP glucose ----- 95% made in Liver --- Brain --- Immune cells

Front 4

DNA vs RNA

Back 4

U - T ---------- U extra OH at 2nd ------ T extra CH3 at top

Front 5

Purine synthesis

Back 5

PPP -- Ribose 5 P --------- remove and replace OH by 2 P (ATP) rate control step ------------- 2 P is replaced by nucleic acid base (AG-TCU)

Front 6

Folate roles in Purine and Pyrimidine synthesis

Back 6

provide Gly (from Ser)---------------------- carry formyl N10-Formyl-FH4 twice

Front 7

IMP (Carbonyl C=O on top) can turn into ______

Back 7

AMP or GMP

Front 8

DNA synthesis dGTp and dADP and ribonucleotide reductase

Back 8

AMP ------- ADP --------- RR (dATP) -------- dADP ========= GMP -- GDP ---- RR (sATP) ----------- dGDP ----- dGTP

Front 9

RNA synthesis GTP and ATP

Back 9

GMP ------ GDP ---- GTP ========== AMP ----- ADP ----- ATP

Front 10

Ribonucleotide reductase is blocked by (2)___________

Back 10

dATP ---------- hydroxyurea (anticancer)

Front 11

Ribonucleotide reductase is

Back 11

reduce NDP to dNDP taking away O at 2nd (in U only)

Front 12

immunodeficiency is cause by

Back 12

purine nucleoside phosphorylase or adenosine deaminase.

Front 13

Adenosine deaminase deficiency ---- no C-T-G (lot of dATP feedback inh) --- no Adeno is no CTG vs Purine CT only

Back 13

increases [dATP] 100x. Synthesis of other 3 dNTP blocked - T and B cells affected ------------- inh SAM --- can't methylate also

Front 14

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency ------ no C-T (-TP) less severe only T ----------- dGTP will block CT vs

Back 14

increases [dGTP]. Synthesis of dCTP and dTTP blocked – T cells affected ---------------

Front 15

Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phospho ribosyl transferase deficiency -------------- uric acid in the brain

Back 15

causes Lesch-Nyhan syndrome by increasing hypoxanthine and guanine concentrations , increased uric acid ------------- genetic no HGPRT 2 yrs male ----- hostile - retarded - mutilate (lips, toes, fingers) - no txt for neuro just allopurinol

Front 16

Gout formed by break down of __________

Back 16

GMP and AMP -------------------to Hypo_xanthine and xanthine (less problematic crystals) ------------------ uric acid very insoluble -------------- kidney stone --------- joint inflammation -------- dehydrate --- cold (far away from heart) cause more precipitation

Front 17

Alloprurinol vs Colcicin and Probe-necid

Back 17

suicide inhibitor (no uric acid form but xanthine crystal instead) --------- immune suppression (prevent immune sys to attack crystal -- no inflame) -------- block kidney uric reabsorption ----------- no meat- seafood-peas-beer- lot water exercise ngan nuoc nong

Front 18

Orotic Aciduria cause by defect of _____ 2 enz (oro) --CTP-cCTP-UTP-dTTP-UMP

Back 18

OROtate P trans and OROtidyl deCarb--- cant make UMP -- then UCT ------> no DNA-RNA ---> megaloblastic --------- too much Orotate ---> kidney stone --- no ATP ---> weakness

Front 19

Hydorxyurea --- Adeno ---- Purine --- vs Methotrexate--5FU

Back 19

Ribonucleotide reductase (no DNA) ---------- too much dATP no TCG (the G that is in Purine) ------too much dGTT can't make TC --- block FH2 to FH4 and no 5-10 CH3 FH4 to turn dUMP to dTMP (thymilase synthase)

Front 20

Orotic Aciduria symptom

Back 20

Megaloblatic anaemia (no T) ----------- fail to thrive - cardiac - spare hair - crystaluria -- ureteric obstruction --- immune fuct - retard no phospholipid - UDP -- no glycogen -- cant sit up straight

Front 21

Folate vs Cobalamin

Back 21

turn Ser to Gly and make sandwich N10-CH3-FH4 ----------------- can't carry CH3 from FH4 to give to T

Front 22

Sulfa drug ____ sulfa-nil-amide

Back 22

block bacteria F synthesis --- sulfa-nil-amide has the same structure of PABA in the middle of folate

Front 23

Lesch Nyhan

Back 23

no HGPRT---------- too much hypoxanthine ---- gout int h brain --- aggressive --- mutilate finger-toe-

Front 24

Adenosine Deamine --- TCG --- dATP

Back 24

too much Adenosine --- too much dATP ----- cant make dT-C-G-TP ---- can't make DNA

Front 25

Purine Nucleotide Phosphorylase Deficiency (no TC) - dGTP

Back 25

too mcy Guranosine ---- to much dGTP only ------------- block CT ------- dCTP and dTDP--- less DNA

Front 26

Orotic Aciduria (no TCU)

Back 26

Orotic Aciduria decreases DNA and RNA synthesis by decreasing UTP, CTP, dTTP and cCTP

Front 27

hydroxyurea blocks

Back 27

ribonucleotide reductase ------------- cant reduce OH to H only ---- ribose diphosphate to deoxyribose diphosphate

Front 28

xanthine oxidase

Back 28

gout

Front 29

HGPRT

Back 29

lynche --- bite finger

Front 30

orotidylate decarboxylase - TCU

Back 30

orotic acid -- can't make UMP

Front 31

dihydrofolate reductase

Back 31

cant turn FH2 to FH4 =-- block at same site of trexale --- similar structure of FH2