Bayne Apwh Ch 38 & 39

Front 1

UN

Back 1

United Nations; international organization aimed at keeping world peace formed after World War II

Front 2

Warsaw Pact

Back 2

Soviet created organization as a countermove to match NATO

Front 3

World Bank

Back 3

made up of two unique development institutions owned by 185 member countries—the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)

Front 4

OEEC, EU

Back 4

The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation; (OEEC) came into being on 16 April 1948. It emerged from the Marshall Plan and the Conference of Sixteen (Conference for European Economic Co-operation), which sought to establish a permanent organisation to continue work on a joint recovery programme and in particular to supervise the distribution of aid, European Union is an economic and political partnership between 27 democratic European countries

Front 5

SALT agreements

Back 5

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks in the 1970s where both sides agreed to reduce their nuclear weapon stores

Front 6

superpower

Back 6

state with a leading position in the international system and the ability to influence events and project power on a worldwide scale

Front 7

Berlin Blockade

Back 7

French, American, and British occupied portion of Berlin was attempted to be controlled by the Soviet Union as they blocked its rail and road access in June 1948. The western forces responded with the Berlin airlift of supplies and embargoed products from Soviet-controlled countries

Front 8

NATO

Back 8

North Atlantic Treaty Association founded in 1949 as a regional military alliance against Soviet aggression

Front 9

MAD

Back 9

Mutually assured destruction; large stockpiling of weapons prevents actual fighting as there is a threat of complete destruction to both sides

Front 10

38th parallel

Back 10

area of partitioning of Korea after World War II. One of the first actions of the UN as they guaranteed "to provide the Republic of South Korea with all necessary aid to repel the aggressors" (aggressors being North Korea)

Front 11

Cuban missile crisis

Back 11

October 1962 Castro accepted Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuban shores. President Kennedy announced on television that there were photographs of missiles pointed right at the U.S. and that the U.S. would blockade the island until they were removed. Closest the Cold War ever came to conflict.

Front 12

Nikita Khrushchev

Back 12

Soviet Premier, withdrew missiles in return for U.S. promise not to invade Cuba

Front 13

Betty Friedan

Back 13

feminist author

Front 14

civil rights movement

Back 14

movement towards equality and civil rights primarily for African Americans and women the majority of which took place in the 1960's

Front 15

hegemony

Back 15

term used to describe the concept of dominance, usually militarily, by one country over others

Front 16

"Brezhnev doctrine"

Back 16

model of Soviet foreign policy, first and most clearly outlined by S. Kovalev in a September 26, 1968 Pravda article, entitled “Sovereignty and the International Obligations of Socialist Countries.” Policy that communist nations would protect each other against turning to capitalism

Front 17

Prague Spring

Back 17

1968, Czech government supported loosening of control. Soviet tanks were sent in and with no bloodshed the liberalization was ended

Front 18

de-Stalinization

Back 18

process began by premier Khrushchev. He ended the rule of terror and attempted to erase Stalin's name and image from Soviet society

Front 19

detente

Back 19

policy of reduction in hostilities adopted by the superpowers in the late 1960s

Front 20

settler and non-settler colonies

Back 20

terms used to describe the relationship between the colony and the mother country. Settler colonies are colonies that have created their own society, they are less controlled

Front 21

Jawaharlal Nehru

Back 21

first prime minister of independent India (1947–64), who established parliamentary government and became noted for his “neutralist” policies in foreign affairs.

Front 22

dominion-status

Back 22

an autonomous community of the British Empire and British Commonwealth prior to 1948

Front 23

nonalignment

Back 23

The political attitude of a state which does not associate or identify itself with the political ideology or objective espoused by other states, groups of states, or international causes, or with the foreign policies stemming therefrom

Front 24

Geneva convention

Back 24

1864 convention outlining part of international humanitarian law – a whole system of legal safeguards that cover the way wars may be fought and the protection of individuals

Front 25

Abdel Nasser

Back 25

Egyptian revolutionist that successfully drove British out of his country after 72 years of rule, under his presidency Egypt came out of intense poverty to prosperity, he became famous all around the Arab Peninsula after standing firm against the western nations and his efforts of combining the Arab power to combat anti-Muslim forces

Front 26

FLN

Back 26

socialist party in Algeria with the goal of liberation from French control

Front 27

Kwame Nkrumah

Back 27

influential pan-africanist who was the leader of Ghana

Front 28

Jomo Kenyatta

Back 28

first prime minister and president of Kenya

Front 29

Cultural Revolution

Back 29

youth remake of Chinese society supported by Mao

Front 30

Juan and Eva Peron

Back 30

President;First Lady of Argentina/second wife of Juan Peron/"Spiritual Leader of the Nation"

Front 31

CIA-led coup (coup d'etat)

Back 31

aka Bay of Pigs CIA backed insurgents landed on the beach and were quickly captured or killed

Front 32

Sandinistas

Back 32

Nicaraguan political party often referred to as the FLSN, focused on anti-imperialist struggle of Augusto Sandino

Front 33

NATO

Back 33

North Atlantic Treaty Association founded in 1949 as a regional military alliance against Soviet aggression

Front 34

IMF

Back 34

International Monetary Fund; international organization that oversees the global financial system by observing exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering financial and technical assistance

Front 35

OPEC

Back 35

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Front 36

GATT

Back 36

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Front 37

iron curtain

Back 37

organization of soviet-controlled states to create a division of Europe both physically and ideologically

Front 38

Yalta

Back 38

major World War II conference of the three chief Allied leaders, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain, and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union (see photograph), which met at Yalta in the Crimea to plan the final defeat and occupation of Nazi Germany

Front 39

Berlin Wall

Back 39

wall dividing the eastern and western portions of Berlin controlled by the Soviet Union and the allies respectively

Front 40

Warsaw Pact

Back 40

Soviet created organization as a countermove to match NATO

Front 41

Korean War

Back 41

escalation of border clashes between North and South Korea resulting in the protected barrier of the 38th parallel

Front 42

domino theory

Back 42

theory that held if one nation fell to communism, the rest would follow

Front 43

Richard Nixon

Back 43

U.S. president who began the process of Vietnamization where the U.S. began to hand the war over the the South Vietnamese

Front 44

Simone de Beauvoir

Back 44

wrote The Second Sex, heralded a feminist revolution and remains a central text in the investigation of women's oppression and liberation

Front 45

Bob Marley

Back 45

musical artist who favored a peaceful mentality and hosted political concerts, supported the struggle of Africans

Front 46

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Back 46

pivotal member of the American Civil Rights movement, fought for equal treatment for African Americans and favored a peaceful approach of civil disobedience

Front 47

Charles de Gaulle

Back 47

French president who envisioned Europe as a third superpower and criticized NATO

Front 48

Mao Zedong

Back 48

leader of the People's Republic of China from its formation until his death, he favored Cultural Revolution and the Great Leap Forward

Front 49

Alexander Dubcek

Back 49

leader of Czechoslovakia (1968-1969), famous for his attempt to reform the Communist regime (Prague Spring)

Front 50

Marshal Tito

Back 50

President of Yugoslavia, attempted to rebuild and tie the country together after WWII

Front 51

Vietnam

Back 51

easternmost country in the Southeast Asia

Front 52

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Back 52

leader of the Muslim League

Front 53

Gandhi

Back 53

Lived in S. Africa from 1893-1915, defended rights of Indian living under apartheid (areas that has racism), and returned to India as a central figure in freedom movement, nonviolent resistance

Front 54

Bandung Conference

Back 54

meeting dedicated to the struggle against colonialism and racism and promoting the ideal of a "third path"

Front 55

Ho Chi Minh

Back 55

prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

Front 56

Balfour Declaration

Back 56

recognized the self-governing Dominions of the British Empire as fully autonomous states

Front 57

Suez crisis

Back 57

military attack on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel beginning on 29 October 1956. The attack followed Egypt's decision of 26 July 1956 to nationalize the Suez Canal after the withdrawal of an offer by Britain and the United States to fund the building of the Aswan Dam

Front 58

Negritude

Back 58

literary and political movement that promoted solidarity in black identity against French colonial oppression

Front 59

"Mau Mau" revolt

Back 59

the Kikuyu movement that resented the British removal of Kikuyu farmers from their fertile farmland to their "tribal reserves" and reduced status as wage slaves; they were also called communists

Front 60

Great Leap Forward

Back 60

economic and social plan used from 1958 to 1960 which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform mainland China from a primarily agrarian economy dominated by peasant farmers into a modern, industrialized communist society

Front 61

Lazaro Cardenas

Back 61

president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940

Front 62

Jacobo Arbenz Guzman

Back 62

was the president of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954, when he was ousted in a coup d'état organized by the US Central Intelligence Agency, known as Operation PBSUCCESS, and was replaced by a military junta, headed by Colonel Carlos Castillo, plunging the country into chaos and long-lasting political turbulence

Front 63

Somoza Family

Back 63

influential political dynasty in Nicaragua