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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How immune system knows whats threat and what isnt 2 model for this: - - |
self vs non self danger |
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self vs non self. -self: -non self: |
- -cells or molecs that immune system has no exposure to durin its maturation or doesnt normally encounter in the body |
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danger model -immune syst responds to __ from ___ |
danger signals from -stressed, injured, dying cells |
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microbial normal flora is found all ___ except - - - |
-epithelial surfaces -except lower resp tract upper urine tract CSF blood |
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you r flora changes |
throughout life |
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the flora makes __ the flora __ with pathogens |
-helpful stuff liek vit K -competes |
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Pathogens must _ or _ epith barriers to invade tissue |
colinize or cross |
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they can do this by : -__ of epith surface -specific __ (ie adherence to _) this can include __ of epithelial cell, __ to epith allows corssing, or __ the surface -After breaching the surface epithelia, threats encounter _ and _ of the _ immune system in tissues and circulation |
-breach -spec molecular interactions (adherence to mucosal epithelia) can include infection of epith, dmg or colonization on surface of epith -cells and proteins of innate immune system |
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Innate vs Adaptive immunity Innate: IS _ LINE OF DEFENSE -has __ barriers (_ _ _) -also includes cells, _ in tissues and circulation) -always_ -act_ -have a _ target -NO_ |
FIRST LINE OF D -epith barriers (phys, chem, microbia) -proteins -ready -fast -general target -NO MMRY |
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Adaptive: -includes _ _ _ -needs _ -takes _ to prepare -has a _ target -Most important: |
-B cells, T cells, antibodies -orders -takes time to prep -Specific target -has MMRY |
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Theory of Clonal selection The _ of the adaptive immune response is due to _ on _ and _ cells Four postulates: 1) Each _ expresses a single type of receptor with a _ specificity 2) _ are eliminated (clonal deletion) 3) a B or T cell is activated when _ that expresses its specific antigen 4) Activated B and T cells _ (clonal expansion) anddifferentiate-->same specificity as parent cell |
Specificity, specific receptors on B and T cells 1) B and T cell, unique 2) Self-reactive B and T cells 3) encounters a threat 4) proliferate |
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Memory: -_ response due to previous exposure -response is _ with repeated exposures Specificity: -_ is more specific than _ |
-heightened -faster -adaptive more than innate |
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Humoral vs cell mediated immunity Humoral: -includes _ -anything transfered in _ Cellular: -mediated by _ |
-antibodies -in serum (BLOOD/FLUIDS) -cells |
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Adaptive Humoral immunity: -immunity mediated by _ in bld, fluids, tissues -_ secrete antibodies that have the same _ as their receptors -this immunity can be transferred in _ -important for defense against _ -ehnances phago by antibodies as opsonins -lysis by classical pathway of complement -neutralization by competing for binding sites |
-antibodies -B cells, specificity -serum -EXTRAcellular pathogens and toxins |
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Adaptive cell mediated immunity: -this type is mediated by _ that produce their effect thru _ contact with _ -cannot be transfered in _ -important for defense against _ -induces _ -secrestes - |
-T lymphocytes, direct contact with target cells -serum -INTRAcellular pathogens and tumors -apoptosis -cytokines |
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Innate humoral: -enhance phago by _ -lysis by _ and _ pathways of complement -_ mediators |
-non-antibody opsonins -alternative and lectin pathways -inflammatory |
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Innate cell mediated: -does _ -induces_ -secretes_ -acute _ -_ fomation |
-phago -apoptosis -cytokines -inflam -granuloma |
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in general, the _ enhances the fncn of the _. the adaptive gives more _ |
-adaptive, innate -adaptive gives more specificoty |
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macrophages (part of _ immunity) help initiate adaptive response by acting as _ |
innate, antigen-presenting cells |
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Cells/cell trafficking |
... |
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Neutrophils: -along with eosinophils and basophils, are _ -are _ leukocytes (this is usually for all granulocytes, but is usde to refer to neutrophils) -short lived -is the _ in cell-___ (does _ and _) |
-granulocytes -polymorphonuclear (PMN) -FIRST RESPONDER in cell Mediated Immunity |
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Eosinophils: -is a _ -its primary effector mech is _, second is _ -granules stain _ -immune response to _ -involved in _ and _ |
-granulocyte -degranulation, phago -red -parasites -inflam and allergiess |
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Basophils; -is _ -primary effector mech is _ -granules stain -has lots of _, so does _ and _ -surface receptors for _ and complement compoent _ |
-granulocyte -degranulation -blue purple -histamine, allergy, inflamm -IgE, C3a |
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Monocytes: -when they get into bld, they _ -arent _ (are larger) -are the precursors for _ -nucleus is shaped like _ -does _ and antigen _ (displays pieces on its surface - _ antigen) -makes _ (communication molec) |
-differentiate -granulocytes -macrophages -C -phago, antigen presentation (exogenous antigen) -makes cytokines |
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Lymphocytes - B cells -INactive: small cells with _ cytoplams -cant tell dif betwen it and other lymphocytes -has 4 surface molecules: _ _ _ _ -a conventional _ cell -ACTIVE: can differentiate into _ and _ -----> _ are actively producing and |
-little cytoplams -BCR CD19 CD20 CD21 -antigen-presenting cell -plasma and memory cells -plasm are actively making and secreting antibody! |
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Lymphocytes - T Cells -INactive, are small cells with _ cytoplasm (look just like _!) -surface molecs: _ _ _ _ -ACTIVE: _ and _ cells -T cell subsets (cytotixic, helper, reg, lec1s38) |
-little cyoplams, look like B cells -TCR CD3 CD2 CD4/8 -effector and mmry cells |
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Lymphocytes - NK cells -do not have _ -ACTIVATION-->_-->_ (this fncn is similar to CTLs) -NK activity depends on balance of _ and _ signals -Important early in _ infections, before spec response -there may be sub-pop of NKs that can maybe show mmry response |
-antigen-specific recognition
- --> release granules-->apoptosis -activating and inhibitory signals -VIRAL |
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3 types of lymphocytes and what immune theyre part of: - - - |
-B cells ADAPTIVE -T cells ADAPTIVE -NK cells INNATE |
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Be aware there are some lymphocytes that act like _ |
innate |
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Macrophages: Fncns: -_ -_presentation -inflam_ -_ production |
-phago -antigen presentation -inflammation -cytokine production |
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Mast cells -look like basophils bc of the _, but are found in __ instead of __ -often found in these tissues: -have high affinity surface receptors for _ (a type of _) -part of __ responses! -respond to _ worms -the amnt of the _ and route of entry will influence response |
-so many granules, found in tissues instd of bld -found in mucosa, CT -IgE (type of antibody) -allergic! parasitic -dose of antigen will influence response |
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Dendritic cells Conventional: -uptake of _ in _ tissue -migrates to _ tissue, antigen presentation to _ -is a LINK betwteen _ and _ -2 other types: plasmacytoid and follicular. lec1s43 |
-antigen, peripheral tissue -lymphoid tissue, present to T cells -innate and adaptive! |
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WBC count includes what cells |
lymphocytes (T B NK) granulocytes (neutro, eosino, basophil) monocytes |
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High WBC count _ Low _ |
-leukoCYTOSIS -leukoPENIA |
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most abunant WBC is |
neutrophiles |
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high neutrophils low neutrophils what each means |
neutroPHILIA (bact infection, inflam, injury, first responder) neutroPENIA (infection risk) |
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where are most eosinophils |
in tissue instead of circulation |
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high eosinophils low eosinophils what each means |
eosinoPHILIA (parasite infection, allergy) eosinoPENIA (ACUTE infec or inflam, steroid medication) |
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high basophils low basophils what means there are usually very few basophils |
basoPHILIA (inflam, allergy, myelocytic leukemia) basoPENIA (hypERthyroid, steroid meds, pregnancy, stress) |
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high monocytes low monocytes what means |
-monoCYTOSIS (CHRONIC inflamm) -monocytoPENIA (ACUTE infec, steroid meds, stress) |
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lymphocytes include |
B T NK innate-like lymphocytes |
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high lymphocytes low lymphocytes |
lymphoCYTOSIS (infec, leukemia, lymphoma) lymphocytoPENIA (infec, steroid meds, extreme stress, intense exercise, chemo, radiation) |
