Audiology Test 1 Powerpoint 2

Front 1

What are some of the topics asked about an adult's case history?

Back 1

Pertinent history – name, age, address, referral source, etc.
Nature of hearing problem (past and present)
Other medical problems

Front 2

What are some of the topics asked about an child's case history?

Back 2

Developmental milestones
Detailed questions of pregnancy and child birth
Speech/Language development
Medical History

Front 3

Pure Tone audiometers have the capacity of measuring hearing thresholds (θ ) by ______ and _________ conduction

Back 3

air, bone

Front 4

Air conduction measurements

Back 4

measurements that are obtained by ear phones

Front 5

Ear phones that fit over the ear are called ___________ ear phones while ear phones that go into the ear canal are called _______ ear phones

Back 5

supraoral, insert

Front 6

Bone conduction measurements

Back 6

Measurements made by bone vibrator on mastoid (usually) or sometimes forehead

Front 7

The primary instrument used to measure hearing threshold

Back 7

audiometer

Front 8

Audiometer component that determines how the signal will be delivered (either by bone conduction or air conduction)

Back 8

Output selector

Front 9

Audiometer component that allows presentation of several frequencies (tones)/selects different pure tone frequencies

Back 9

Frequency selector dial

Front 10

Most audiometers are frequency selective between ________ Hz – ______ Hz.

Back 10

125, 8000

Front 11

Audiometer component that allows for stimulus (tone) presentation

Back 11

interrupter switch/presentation button

Front 12

A graphic illustration of hearing thresholds/a graph used to record hearing thresholds and other test results

Back 12

Audiogram

Front 13

The _______ is recorded on abscissa (x-axis) in _________ (unit) and the _________ is recorded on ordinate (y-axis) in _____ (unit)

Back 13

Frequency, Hertz
Hearing Level, dB

Front 14

Intensity scale is labeled dB HL for _________________

Back 14

hearing level

Front 15

What are the two types of audiologic assessment?

Back 15

Minimum Audible Field (MAF) & minimum audible pressure

Front 16

corrects for differences in hearing sensitivity across frequencies

Back 16

Calibration

Front 17

One octave on the frequency scale = _____ dB on the hearing level scale

Back 17

20

Front 18

For normal hearing, air and bone conduction thresholds are between _____ and ____ dB HL

Back 18

-10 and 25 dB HL

Front 19

Mild hearing loss occurs between______ and ____ dB HL and consists of having difficulty with _________ speech

Back 19

26-40 dB
faint

Front 20

Moderate hearing loss occurs between______ and ____ dB HL and consists of having difficulty with _________ speech

Back 20

41 and 55 dB HL
conversational

Front 21

Moderate hearing loss is between ____ and ____ dB HL difficulty with conversational level speech

Back 21

41 and 55

Front 22

Moderate-Severe hearing loss is between____ and ____ dB HL difficulty with _________________. People with Moderate-Severe hearing loss could benefit from _____________

Back 22

56, 70
some loud speech
amplification

Front 23

Severe hearing loss is between ______ and _______ dB HL having difficulty with __________. May possibly have difficulty with ______________ as well.

Back 23

71 and 90
loud speech
hearing aids

Front 24

Profound hearing loss is above ____ dB hearing aids for these folks may not be helpful

Back 24

90.

Front 25

The speech frequencies that the schemes of hearing impairment were based on puretone thresholds between ________ and _________ Hz

Back 25

500 and 2000

Front 26

Speech recognition threshold and ____________________ correlate well with one another.

Back 26

pure tone average

Front 27

Pure tone and speech audiometric θ s are determined via two stimulus modes.
air conduction = _____________ Hz
bone conduction = ___________ Hz

Back 27

air conduction 250-8000
bone conduction 250-4000

Front 28

AC θ obtained by presenting various pure tone stimuli through _______________.

Back 28

supraoral earphones or inserts

Front 29

______________ thresholds include all parts of the auditory system.

Back 29

Air Conduction

Front 30

True or False. Location of hearing loss not identified by AC alone

Back 30

True

Front 31

BC θ helps to ________ the hearing problem

Back 31

localize

Front 32

BC measurements are obtained with a bone vibrator somewhere on ________________

Back 32

skull (usually mastoid or forehead)

Front 33

Describe Distortional or Compressional Bone Conduction-


(bone conduction thresholds)

Back 33

when we put vibrator on mastoid bone we present stimulus to vibrator which is then presented to head. It causes mastoid bone to vibrate. Because the inner ear is also composed of bone, it vibrates which causes the fluids in the inner ear to vibrate. WE VIBRATE THE BONES OF THE SKULL & BECAUSE THE BONES OF THE SKULL ARE VIBRATING, THE INNER EAR VIBRATES BECAUSE IT’S COMPOSED OF BONES. WE THUS (for the most part) EFFECTIVELY BYPASS USING THE OUTER EAR AND THE MIDDLE EAR. We are directly stimulating the inner ear by vibrating the mastoid bone. The biggest response comes from the inner ear.

Front 34

Describe Inertial Bone Conduction


(bone conduction thresholds)

Back 34

the middle ear is composed of three bones (ossicles), the incus, the stapes and the malleus. When the bones of the skull begin to vibrate, they cause the ossicles to move as well due to inertia. This causes the stapes to move in and out of the oval window. Thus, a little bit of the chain of events that occurs in the inner ear is due to the vibrating of the ossicles due to inertia.

Front 35

Describe Osseotympanic Bone Conduction


(bone conduction thresholds)

Back 35

reflects the fact that the inner 2/3 of the outer ear is bony. If the bones of the skull are vibrating, the inner 2/3 of the outer ear will vibrate which will cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate. Thus, the outer ear plays a minor role in hearing as well.

Front 36

When we do bone conduction measurements, we know that the majority of the response comes from the _________ ear, which helps us to identify which part of the ear is malfunctioning in hearing loss.

Back 36

inner

Front 37

True or False. The Initial test ear is arbitrary. You can pick whatever ear to begin with, but we generally start with the better hearing ear, unless there is no perceivable difference.
(Air conduction thresholds)

Back 37

True

Front 38

Begin testing at ________ Hz, ascending order to higher frequencies, descending order to lower frequencies. (goes up and then goes down)
(Air conduction thresholds)

Back 38

1000

Front 39

A modified method of limits used to find air conduction thresholds in which we descend until we don’t get a response and then ascend right away.
(Air conduction thresholds)

Back 39

Ascending Technique

Front 40

With the ascending technique we always measure the threshold on the ___________

(Air conduction thresholds)

Back 40

ascend

Front 41

With the ascending method we descend at ____ dB steps until they don’t hear it ascend at __ dB steps until they respond at the threshold level 50% of the time. This threshold is known as the ____________ threshold

Back 41

10, 5
audiometric

Front 42

The lowest level at which speech can be recognized 50 % of the time

Back 42

speech recognition threshold

Front 43

Bone conduction procedures are similar to those for air conduction, except responses are obtained for frequencies between ________ Hz and ______Hz.

Back 43

250 and 4000

Front 44

If a patient shows reduced hearing sensitivity by air conduction, while bone conduction responses are normal (hearing loss by air conduction & normal hearing by bone conduction) what kind of hearing loss do they have?

Back 44

Conductive

Front 45

People with conductive hearing loss have problems due to the ________ or _________ ear conductive mechanisms.

Back 45

outer, middle

Front 46

How do we know that people with conductive hearing loss have problems due to the outer or middle ear conductive mechanisms?

Back 46

Because we know that normal bone conduction responses indicate normal inner ear functioning.

Front 47

What are some causes on conductive hearing loss?

Back 47

Several causes such as otitis media, ossicular chain abnormalities, cerumen

Front 48

Difference b/t bone conduction thresholds & air conduction thresholds in the same ear

Back 48

Air bone gap

Front 49

The air bone gap is the difference between the ___________________ & _________________ in the same ear

Back 49

bone conduction thresholds, air conduction thresholds

Front 50

Conductive hearing loss occurs if your bone conduction thresholds are _____ dB and air conduction thresholds are _______ dB. (This still constitutes normal hearing). However, if an air-bone gap of 10 db + exists you can have conductive hearing loss.

Back 50

0, 25

Front 51

What amount of dB air bone gap equates to conductive hearing loss?

Back 51

10 dB

Front 52

Hearing loss that occurs when air conduction and bone conduction θ ‘s are equivalent (within +/- 5dB of each other) at all test frequencies

Back 52

sensorineural hearing loss

Front 53

What are some examples of congenital sensorineural hearing loss?

Back 53

hereditary, viral, bacterial, maternal infections, birth trauma.

Front 54

What are some examples of acquired sensorineural hearing loss?

Back 54

noise, aging, inflammatory disease, ototoxic drugs.

Front 55

Which type of hearing loss can be corrected with surgery or medicine?

Back 55

Conductive

Front 56

Pattern of sensorineural hearing loss in which the thresholds are the same in both ears across frequencies (audiogram looks flat)

Back 56

flat

Front 57

Pattern of sensorineural hearing loss in which there is more hearing loss in the mid frequencies (rather than in the low and high frequencies)

Back 57

Trough Shaped

Front 58

Pattern of sensorineural hearing loss which is most common acquired; slopes from high to low

Back 58

Sloping High Frequency

Front 59

Pattern of sensorineural hearing loss which rises from low to high (e.g.,Méniere’s Disease)

Back 59

Low frequency rising

Front 60

Hearing loss in which hearing sensitivity is reduced by both air conduction and bone conduction, but loss is greater by air conduction; Partially conductive, partially sensorineural

Back 60

Mixed Hearing Loss

Front 61

With mixed hearing loss, which aspects of hearing loss can sometimes be corrected with surgery or medication?

Back 61

conductive

Front 62

What are the three types of tuning fork tests?

Back 62

Weber and Rhine tests

Front 63

Test in which the physician places vibrating tuning fork on top of head and asks what ear do you hear the sound in. Responses could be one ear or both ears.

Back 63

Weber

Front 64

After taking the Weber test if it is conductive hearing loss, the tuning fork will cause an ___________ effect. The sound will lateralize (sound louder) to the _____________________.

Back 64

occlusion; occluded side (the side with the hearing loss)

Front 65

After taking the Weber test if a person has conductive hearing loss in right ear, the patient will hear the sound in the _________ ear.

Back 65

right

Front 66

After taking the Weber test, with a sensorineural hearing loss , the vibration of the tuning fork will lateralize to which ear?

Back 66

The ear that doesn't have the hearing loss.

Front 67

After taking the Weber test with a sensorineural hearing loss in the right ear, the vibration of the tuning fork will lateralize to which ear?

Back 67

the left ear

Front 68

Tuning fork test in which the physician takes vibrating tuning fork, holds it to ear and asks patient to say when the sound goes away. When the patient indicates that the sound has gone away, the dr places the tuning fork to the mastoid bone and asks if the patient hears the sound again

Back 68

Rinne

Front 69

With the Rinne test, if it’s a sensorineural hearing loss, will the patient hear the tuning fork when it is placed against the mastoid bone? Why?

Back 69

No,This is because people with sensorineual hearing loss hear better by air conduction. When the tuning fork is placed against the mastoid bone, it stimulates inner ear hearing, which someone with sensorineural hearing loss has hearing loss problems with.

Front 70

With the Rinne test, if it is a conductive hearing loss, will the patient hear the tuning fork when it is placed again the mastoid bone? Why?

Back 70

Yes,This is because with conductive hearing loss you hear better bone conduction responses better and the sound has been placed directly to the inner ear.

Front 71

Use bone conductor to do tests instead of tuning fork. Unlike the tuning fork, the signal will never go away unless the signal is changed.

Back 71

Audiometric tuning fork

Front 72

The amount that the skull attenuates the sound introduced to one ear from being heard by the other ear.

Back 72

interaural attenuation

Front 73

The amount of interaural attenuation observed for air conducted stimuli varies with frequency. The minimum value for AC stimuli is ____dB (supra aural); ___ dB (insert).
For BC, the minimum interaural attenuation is __dB.

Back 73

AC: 40, 70
BC: 0