Art Exam 2 Media

Front 1

Dry Drawing

Back 1

A pigment is held in a binder (some form of gum, wax, or grease) which binds it together so the artist can hold it and apply it to a surface
The most common color used in drawing is black which is some form of carbon

Front 2

Silver Point

Back 2

An old drawing medium, used primarily during the Renaissance.
Involved the use of silver wire, which was used to draw on a prepared (gessoed) surface
The Silver would be deposited onto the surface and the drawing would only "emerge" and become visible through the natural process of oxidation (tarnishing) over a period of months
The resulting drawings have a ver delicate, silver-grey appearance.
Artwork: Leonardo da Vinci "Head of a Woman"

Front 3

Graphite

Back 3

A naturally occurring form of carbon
Closest thing to the silverpoint
Bound into sticks or pencils or can be used in a powdered form.
Very soft, delicate appearance, but it is impossible to achieve a pure black tone
Artwork: Degas "Untitled"

Front 4

Conte Crayon

Back 4

Composed of a pigment (usually black) in a wax binder often applied to paper which has a rough surface
The advantage of this medium is that it is quite permanent as it will not smear
That characteristic can also be a disadvantage, in that the artist cannot erase or make corrections to the drawing.
Artwork: Seurat "Untitled"

Front 5

Charcoal

Back 5

The purist from comes from burning vines (called vine charcoal)
Advantages: very quick, cheap, and easy to use
Can smear it to create grey tonal areas and it erases easily
Disadvantage: tendency to smear that leaves it vulnerable to damage
Artwork: Scheile "A Rossler"

Front 6

Pastels

Back 6

Considered as either drawing or a painting medium
Difference depends upon the resulting image
Drawing: more ground left visible, the fewer colors and the more linear elements, the more likely it will be regarded as a drawing
Pigments are bound by gum tragacanth into sticks and are applied to toned or prepared (gessoed) paper

Front 7

Sumi Ink

Back 7

Very old medium developed and used in Asia for calligraphy and drawing
The carbon comes from burning wood and is sometimes combined with animal glue and formed into sticks
The artist adds several drops of water to a special stone and grinds it with the ink stick to form the ink which is then applied with a brush.
Some people consider these works to be paintings rather than drawings

Front 8

Black Dry Drawing media

Back 8

Vine Charcoal
Stump
Graphite Pencils
Kneaded eraser
Compressed Charcoal
Charcoal Pencils
Shammy Cloth

Front 9

India Ink

Back 9

Used in the West to make drawings
Originally developed in India or China before the common era
Carbon is combined with an aqueous binder to create the very unique property of being water soluble when wet, but water proof when dry
This property allows the artist to combine washes in many ways with pen or brush techniques
Artwork: Matisse "Painted Nude"

Front 10

Drawing with White

Back 10

Reversal of medium and tool color (dark ground and a white drawing medium)
The eraser can also be used as a drawing tool to create positive, light lines and shapes

Front 11

Encaustic

Back 11

Painting style
Encaustic painting, also known as hot wax painting, involves using heated beeswax to which colored pigments are added.
Developed by Egyptian Christians for funerary portraits
Technique revived in the 20th Century
Beeswax needs to be painted quickly
Doesn't dry just needs to cool to room temp
Artwork: Johns "Flag"

Front 12

Buon Fresco

Back 12

Pre-Renaissance
Decorates walls and ceilings in churches, mostly
Painting Medium: Combine pigment with line and a number of 'secret' binders and water as a vehicle
Paint applied WET to freshly plastered wall and the pigment is absorbed into the wall.
Artwork: Michelangelo "Creation of Adam"

Front 13

Fresco Secco

Back 13

When an artist messes up on a Buon Fresco piece, they can paint over the mistake.

Front 14

Tempera

Back 14

Painting medium that used egg yolk... weird.
When dried and polished becomes very shiny.
great for works with fine detail
often incorporate gilting
Used a lot in the end of the middle ages
Artwork: Fra Angelico "Angel"

Front 15

Gilt

Back 15

gold
precious because it never tarnishes

Front 16

Oil Painting

Back 16

Allows artist to blend colors to apply translucent glazes to create a depth and subtlety of color never before possible
Takes forever to dry (I can attest to that)
Artwork: Van Eyck "Man in Red Turban"

Front 17

Gesso

Back 17

Italian for 'chalk'
Powdered form of calcium carbonate, traditionally mixed with rabbit skin glue
Must be applied prior to the application of both Tempera and Oil paintings because otherwise the wood or canvas will rot.

Front 18

Back 18

Oil Painting
Chiaroscuro
sfumato
Artwork: Leonardo Davinci "Mona Lisa"

Front 19

Back 19

Oil Painting
Impasto
Artwork: Van Gogh "Self Portrait"

Front 20

Watercolor

Back 20

Paint is made from pigments bound with Gum Arabic and a water vehicle.
Capable of being used as transparent washes or layered to create a range of opacities
Watercolor paper needs to be stretched on a board to prevent it from wrinkling when it gets wet.
Artwork: Audubon "Purple Grackle"

Front 21

Gouache

Back 21

Opaque watercolor
Watercolor which Inert White has been added
Inert White doesn't lighted the color, just makes it opaque.
Found in Illuminations (Medieval book illustrations), Persian miniatures, and Asian paintings
Artwork: Hong "100 Birds Admire Peacock"

Front 22

Acrylic Paint

Back 22

Made of Plastic
Late 20th century
Can be used like oil paint but doesn't have the translucency or deep luster
cleans up with water, dries quickly, and non-toxic
Doesn't need a gesso
Artwork: Close "Linda"

Front 23

Relief Printing

Back 23

Wood cuts and linocuts
Made by cutting away portions of the matrix where the artist does not want any ink
a brayer r brush is used to apply ink to the remaining surfaces and the ink is transferred to paper
Artwork: Hokusai "The Great Wave"

Front 24

Back 24

Durer "Rhinocerus"

Front 25

Back 25

Linocuts
Artwork: Catlett "My Right... Equality"

Front 26

Intaglio Prints

Back 26

Engravings, etchings, aquatints,
Uses a metal plate as a matrix
gouges or uses acid on the metal
Ink is forced into the low areas and the plate is wiped clean
Artwork: Durer "Adam and Eve"

Front 27

Back 27

Etching, Engraving, drypoint
Artwork: Rembrandt "Christ Teaching"

Front 28

Back 28

Aquatint
Artwork: Cassatt "Woman Bathing"

Front 29

Lithography

Back 29

The matrix is a block of limestone that the artist draws on with a grease crayon, which 'closes' the pores of the stone.
the artist uses a sponge to wet the stone and inks the parts with the grease.
Paper is placed on the stone and run through a press.
tusche
Artwork: Picasso "Fruit Dish"

Front 30

Back 30

Color Lithography
Artwork: Toulouse-Lautrec "Jane Avril"

Front 31

Serigraphy

Back 31

Only type of print making where the image is not a mirror-image of the patrix because it is actually a stencilling technique
Silk Screen
Artwork: Warhol "Marilyn"

Front 32

Back 32

Photography
something about awesome shadow
Artwork: Adams "Moon and Half Dome"

Front 33

Back 33

Photojournalism
Artwork: Lange "Migrant Mother"

Front 34

Back 34

Reportage
Artwork: Frank from "The Americans"

Front 35

Back 35

Artwork: Sherman "Untitled #96"
selfportrait

Front 36

Back 36

Interpolated Rotoscoping
Artwork: Kaplan "The Year of the Fish"

Front 37

Back 37

Bluescreen
3D
Artwork: Burton "Alice in Wonderland"

Front 38

Back 38

creepy stuff
stop motion video
Artwork: Blu Muto "Guerilla Wall Art"

Front 39

Back 39

Stedicam
Artwork: Wright "Atonement"

Front 40

Back 40

Artwork: Wai "Chungking Express"

Front 41

Back 41

Artwork: Tang Camel
Clay Sculpture

Front 42

Back 42

Bas Relief
Artwork: Assryian Genius

Front 43

Back 43

Alto Relief
Artwork: Parthenon Metope Greek

Front 44

Back 44

Subtractive Sculpture in the round wood
Artwork: Nefertiti Egyptian

Front 45

Back 45

Subtractive Sculpture in the round stone
Artwork: Polykleitos Greek

Front 46

Back 46

Subtractive Sculpture in the round stone
Artwork: Moore "Recumbent Figure"

Front 47

Back 47

Cast Sculpture
Bronze
Artwork: Head of Oni

Front 48

Back 48

Body Casts
Artwork: Segal "Girl Sitting Against a Wall"

Front 49

Back 49

Assemblage
Artwork: nevelson "Royal Tide II"

Front 50

Back 50

Kinetic Sculpture
Tinguley mechanized some of his structures which also added sound to his constructions and gave then whimsically menacing quality
Artwork: Tinguley "Requiem (of a Deal Leaf)"

Front 51

Back 51

Artwork: Iktinos & Kalikrates "Parthenon" greek
Post and Lintel

Front 52

Back 52

St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican in Rome
Michelangelo's Dome
Renaissance Domes

Front 53

Back 53

Notre Dame in Paris, France
Gothic Cathedral
Flying Buttresses

Front 54

Back 54

Wright's Guggenheim Museum in NYC
Reinforced concrete

Front 55

Back 55

Geodesic Dome
Invented by Buckminster Fuller
bunch of interlocking hexagons and pentagons
Artwork: Fuller "US Pavilion, Expo '67"